CH 4: Understanding Scores

Developmental domains

• Counselor self awareness

• Counseling relationship

• Client world view Counseling

• advocacy interventions

competency dimensions

• Collaborating with

• Acting on behalf

intervention levels

• individual

• Community / organization

• Public arena

Fairness

efforts to create equitable experiences for clients and free from bias

Bias

score differences based on assessment incorrectly measuring a particular cultural variable

Assimilation model

client identifies with only the dominant host culture

Separation model

client info with values of cultural origins

Integration model

identifies with values from both cultures

Marginalization model

rejects behaviors and beliefs from both cultures

Culture free test

idealized measurement designed to be entirely free of cultural bias

Culture fair tests

evaluation tools designed to minimize cultural bias

Content bias

when a test has measures / items that are unfamiliar or inappropriate for specific subgroups

Criterion bias

uses a standard that systematically predicts or measures outcomes differently for various groups leading to unfair or inaccurate conclusions

Examiner bias

counselor's blind spots skew the evaluation and interpretation

Semantic bias

interpreted through a skewed lens distorting a client's true psychological presentation

Effects of cultural bias

• misdiagnosis

• skewed scored and data

• misinterpretation

• erosion of rapport

• reinforcement of inequities

Diagnostic errors

when a clinician fails to make an accurate timely or complete identification of a client's mental health condition

Effects of acculturation on assessment

• how clients report symptoms

• interpret test items

• interact with clinicians from different cultural backgrounds