Cell Membrane Structure and Function

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure and function of cell membranes, addressing components like the fluid mosaic model, different types of proteins, membrane fluidity, and related functions.

Fluid Mosaic Model

A model that illustrates the structure of the cell membrane, emphasizing the fluidity of phospholipids and the presence of embedded proteins.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the cell membrane, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Transmembrane Proteins

Proteins that span the entire lipid bilayer, having regions that interact with both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the membrane.

Peripheral Membrane Proteins

Proteins that are attached to one side of the membrane and do not span the lipid bilayer.

Glycoproteins

Proteins with sugar molecules attached, serving as identification markers on the cell surface.

Glycolipids

Lipids with sugar molecules attached, also functioning as recognition sites on cell membranes.

Hydrophilic

Having an affinity for water; describes regions of proteins or lipids that interact favorably with water.

Hydrophobic

Having an aversion to water; describes regions of proteins or lipids that do not interact favorably with water.

Fluidity

Refers to the flexibility and movement of phospholipids and proteins within the membrane; essential for proper cell function.

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with no double bonds between carbon atoms, leading to a straight structure that can pack closely together.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids containing one or more double bonds, causing bends in the structure that prevent tight packing.

Cholesterol

A sterol that can modulate the fluidity of membranes, either increasing or decreasing saturation.

Transport Proteins

Proteins that facilitate the movement of substances across the cell membrane.

Beta Barrel

A structure formed by beta pleated sheets in membrane proteins, creating a hollow core for transport.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers within the cell that provides structural support and helps anchor membrane proteins.

Cell Adhesion

The process by which cells interact and attach to neighboring cells through the membrane proteins.