What's In My Medicine Cabinet Exam 2

A body temp of __ or higher constitutes a fever

100.4 F

What is the most common cause of fever

Infection (virus/bacteria)

What are general fever symptoms

Sweating, chills, headache, muscle aches, loss of appetite, irritability, dehydration, and general weakness

What is a febrile seizure

A rapid rise in body temp that causes a seixure

What populations are at risk for febrile seizures

Children 6 months to 5 years, family history of febrile seizures, or history of febrile seizures

Does fever-lowering medication reduce the risk of febrile seizures

NO

Who are at risk for dehydration due to fevers

Elderly and infants

What is the best method to get a core body temp

Rectal thermometer

What are the 4 fever reducers we study

Acetaminophen,

Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Asprin (NSAIDs)

Facts about acetaminophen

Safe to use in most populations, pain and fever reducer, available in numerous forms

What should you do when taking an NSAID

Take it with food, they can irritate the stomach

Ibuprofen facts

Safe for children 6 months and older, DOSED ON WEIGHT, available in multiple dosage forms

Naproxen facts

NSAID

Available for those 12 years and older, only available in tablets and capsules

Dosing errors for pain/fever meds

Use the proper dosing device; some meds are dosed on age, some are dosed on weight; make sure to write down the time of each dose

Asprin facts

NSAID, not reccomended for those under 16 (can cause Reye’s syndrome), not routinely reccomended due to bleeding (prevents blood clotting)

What is Reye’s syndrome

A serious illness that causes brain swelling and liver damage

Is it safe to alternate acetaminophen and NSAIDs

Yes, but small benefit

What temp fever should you seek medical attention for

104 F or higher

When should you seek medical care for a fever

Severe headache, signs of infection, impaired immune function

A fever lasting longer than ______ requires medical attention

3 days

What is nociceptive pain

Pain due to injury of inflammation, causes dull aching, pressure, squeezing, or cramping

What is the RICE acronym for muscle/joint pain

Rest

Ice (20 minutes at a time, 4-8 times a day)

Compress
Elevate

What is the MEAT acronym

Movement

Exercise

Analgesis (use of medications)

Treatment (Includes physiotherapy)

How should you use heat after injury, and how is it helpful

Helps to loosen up muscles and increase blood flow

Apply heat (with barrier) for 15-20 minutes 3-4 times a day

• Be careful for burns

Does acetaminophen reduce inflammation

NO! Not an NSAID

What should you be cautious about when taking acetaminophen

Alcohol consumption. Both alcohol and acetaminophen are metaboized in the liver

Don’t take more than 4000mg in 1 day

For children, no more that 5 doses in 1 day

What should you be cautious about when taking NSAIDs

Can cause kidney damage if dehydrated or have kidney disease

Can cause stomach ulcers (take with food)

Individuals with _____ and _____ should take NSAIDs with caution

Heart disease and high blood pressure

Facts about Diclofenac gel

NSAID topical ointment reccomended for acute musculoskeletal pain

Use 2g for upper body joints and 4g for lower body joints 4 times a day

• Don’t apply to more than 2 body areas at a time

Facts about Lidocaine

Local anesthetic toical ointment, apply tipically every 6-8 hours, max 3 times per day

Facts about Capsaicin

Causes a burning or “heat” sensation

Apply 3-4 times per day, may take 1-2 weeks to take effect

Trolamine Salicylate

OTC NSAID

May have an anti-inflammatory effect (related to asprin)

Application instructions for topical pain relievers

Do not apply to woundes skin

Stop use if pain occurs

Do not tightly bandage areas where it is applied

Do not apply heat to areas with pain relievers

Headache pain that lasts more than __ days requires medical care

10 days

Pain that is more than a _/10 requires medical care

6

What are the 4 types of headaches

Tension

Sinus

Migrane

Medication overuse

What is the most common type of headache

Tension headache

What are the triggers of tension headaches

Eye strain, stress, anxiety, and insomnia

Are tension headaches more common for men or women

Women

What causes sinus headaches

Infection or blockage of sinus cavities

Swelling of nasal/sinus passages

Who are sinus headaches common for

People with allergies

What decongestants can be used to treat sinus headaches

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, and oxymetazoline

What are prodrome symptoms of headaches

Symptoms that occur 1-2 days before a migrane attack

May include:

irritability, depression, yawning, fatigue

Migrane symptoms must include 2 of the following symptoms

Moderate to sever head pain

Pain on one side of the head

Pulsating pain

Aggravated by physical activity

What is a migrane hangover

Postdrome symptoms of a headache, may occur for 24-48 hours after

In addition to NSAIDs, you can also take ___ for migrane symptoms

Caffeine

A headache or more days of the month due to taking pain relief medicine for more than 3 months is a ____

15 days; medication overuse headache

Caffeine use of more than ___ per day or more can increase risk of medication overuse headaches

200mg

A headache lasting more than __ days needs medical attention

10

Ages less than _ years or less need medical attention

8

What are allergies

Allergic reactions to allergens.

Antibodies → mast cells → histamines → allergy response

What is the active ingredient for nasal wetting and irrigation

0.9% normal saline

What are the 4 active ingredients for nasal steroids

Fluticasone (Flonase), Budesonide (Rhinocort), Triamcinolone (Nasocort), Mometasone (Nasonex)

What are nasal steroids effective against

Nasal symptoms and swelling in the masal canal

Where should you aim when using nasal steroids

Slightly away from the corner of your nose

What are the 3 1st generation antihistamines

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Chlorpheniramine (Chlor- Trimeton), and Doxylamine

What are the side effects of 1st generation antihistamines

Drowsines, dry eyes and mouth, constipation

What are the 4 2nd generation antihistamines

Loratadine (Claritin), Cetirzine (Zyrtec), Fexofenadine (Allegra), and Levocetirizine (Xyzal)

What is the nasal antihstamine

Azelastine (Astepro)

What are the benefits of a nasal antihistamine

Treats symptoms locally, fast acting

What medications can treat fever/pains in fevers

Acetaminophen and NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, naproxen, and asprin)

How do nasal decongestants work

Releves congestion by constricting blood vessels

Comes in oral tablets and sprays

What are the 2 oral decongesants

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Sudafed PE)

Sudafed vs, Sudafed PE

Sudafed is more effective but has more potential for misuse compared to PE

What are the side effects of oral decongestants

Increases blood pressure and heart rate

• Do not use if a person has high blood pressure or a heart condition

What are the 2 nasal decongestants

Oxymetazoline (Afrin, sinex, mucinex sinus max) and phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine)

Nasal decongestants can only be used for _ days, or ______ can occur

3 days, rebound congestion

What medications are reccomended for runny noses

Antihistamines → can help to dry up mucus

What medication can be used for a dry cough

Dextromethorphan (Delsym and Robitussin) [Cough suppresssant → antitussive]

Ages __ and above can use wet and dry cough medicine (dextromethorphan/Guaifenesin)

4

What are the side effects of destromethorphan

Drousiness, nausea, upset stomach

Cough relates to post nasal drip can best be treated with_____

antihistamines and decongestants

What medication is used to treat wet cough

Guaifenesin (Mucinex) [Expectorant → protussive]

What are the side effects of Guaifenesin

Nausea, upset stomach

What can be used to treat sore throat/cough

Lozanges and throat numbing spray

What are some active ingredients in lozanges and numbing sprays

Menthol, benzocaine, phenol, pectin, honey

When should you seek treatment for cold or cough

Infants or young children

Chest pain/shortness of breath

Severe barking or whooping cough

What are the causes of dry eye

Aging, prolonged skin use, environment, allergens, medications

Dry eye symptoms

Stinging/burning, excessive tearing, sandy/gritty sensation, blurred vision, redness

What are some treatments for dry eyes

Warm compress, sufficient fluid intake, artificial tears

Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic reaction causing red, itching, or burning eyes

*Affects both eyes

What are some active ingredients for antihistamine eye drops

Ketotifen (Zaditor, Alaway), Olopatadine (Pataday), Alcaftadine (Lastacraft)

What are side effects of antihistamine eye drops

Headache and stinging/irritaton of the eye

Antihistamine + Decongestant eyedrops

Made of pheniramine + naphazoline

*Only use for a max of 3 days

Cau cause pupil dilation and stinging

Eye redness reducers (products + descriptions)

Brimonidine (Lumify)

• No risk of rebound redness

• May cause eye itching/irritation

Tetrahydrazoline (Visine)

• Decongestant (Max use of 3 days)

• Can cause stinging and pupil dilation

When to seek medical attention (Eye conditions)

Infections, eye pain, trauma to eyes, symptoms lasting more than 72 hours

How are dietary supplements regulated by the FDA

They’re considered safe until proven unsafe

Can dietary supplements be labled to treat, diagnose, or cure disease?

NO

What is adulteration

Unintentional or intentional addition/subtraction of ingredients into products

What are quality assurance programs

Manufacturers outside of teh FDA that test the quality of supplements

Should supplements be used to replace vitamin and mineral consumption in the diet

NO

What is fortification

When the government adds vitamins and minerals to everyday foods

Ex: Salt and iodine, dairy products and vitamin d, etc.

What are the fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored

In the body tissues

Which type of vitamins are toxic in excessive quantities

Fat soluble

How do water soluble vitamins get stored in excess

They don’t, they leave with urine

What are the water soluble vitamins

Vitamins C and B

Vitamin D benefits

Good for bone health, immune function, and possible cardiovascular benefits

What are the sources of vitamin D

Fatty fish, beef liver, egg yolk, and SUNLIGHT

Vitamin C benefits

Antioxidant and helps the body make collagen

Helps to absorb iron from foods