Biology Chapter 5 quiz

Key vocabulary terms and concepts used in Chapter 5 of Alberta Biology 20 which is Evolution

Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms based on inferred or presumed evolutionary relationships

Binomial Nomenclature

A two-part naming system using the genus (first part, capitalized and italicized) and species (second part, lowercase and italicized).

Taxa

The specific categories or ranks used to classify organisms (e.g., domain, kingdom, phylum, genus, species).

Phylogeny:

The evolutionary history and development of a species or group of organisms

Dichotomous Key:

A two-part identification tool used to identify and name unknown species.

Homologous Features

Body parts or structures with similar internal origins/structures but different current functions (e.g., whale flipper and human arm).

Analogous Features

Has a different structure and origins, but the same function

Vestigial Features

A bodily function that an organism has evolved to no longer need

Bio geography

The study of the geographic distribution of life across the planet.

Endemic

A term for a species found naturally in only one specific geographic location.

Radiometric

A term for a species found naturally in only one specific geographic location.

Natural Selection

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Artificial Selection

Selective breeding by humans to emphasize desired traits in plants or animals.

Fitness

A measure of an individual organism’s reproductive success.

Mutation

A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome.

Gene Pool

The complete set of all alleles and genes within a specific population.

Speciation

The evolutionary formation of a new, distinct species.