Correction Midterm (FL 26)

Incarcerated individuals lose all constitutional rights once they enter a correctional institution.

False

Correctional institutions may place reasonsable restrictions on certain constitutional rights when legitimate institutional security and safety concerns are invovled.

True

The First Amendment can involve issues such as religiou practice, expression, and communication within correctional institutions

True

An incarcerated person’s expectation of privacy is generally identical to the expectation of privacy by a person living outside a correctional institution.

False

The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruwl and unusal punishment

True

Correctional officals exercise governmental authority and therefore remain subject to constitutional limitations.

True

The Fourteenth Amendment is relevant to correctional law because it includes protections involving due process and equal protection.

True

Institutional convenience alone automatically justifies any restriction placed upon an incarcerated person’s constitutional rights.

False

Constitutional rights and institutional security can sometimes exist in tension within correctional settings.

True

Understanding constitutional law is part of the professional responsibility of correctional officers and administrators.

True

The _________ protects against cruel and unusual punishment

Eighth Amendment

Freedom of religion and certain forms of expression are associated with the ________.

First Amendment

Questions involving searches, privacy, and expectations of privacy are generally associated with the__________.

Fourth Amendment

The requirement that government follow appropriate legal procedures before depriving an individual of protected interests is known as _________.

Due Process

The constitutional principle requiring government not to unjustifiably treat similarly situated individuals differently is known as ________.

Equal Protection

Maintaining order, preventing violence, protecting staff and incarcerated people, and controlling contraband are examples of legitimate concerns involving________.

Institutional Security

The ________ contain important protections involving due process and equal protection and has major significance for state correctional institutions.

Fourteenth Amendment

The lawful power exercised by correctional officers and administrators over people and operations within correctional institutions is known as _________.

Correctional Authority

Rights that continue to protect individuals from certain forms of governmental action, even while incarcerated, are known as _____________.

Constitutional Rights

The Eighth Amendment expressly prohibits _________.

Cruel and Unsual Punishment

Corrections includes more than prisons and may include probation, parole community supervision, treatment, programming, and reentry.

True

Retribution is primarily concerned with changing an offender’s behavior through treatment and education.

False

Deterrence is based on the idea that punishment may discourage future offending.

True

Incapacitation seeks to protect society by restriciting an individual’s opportunity or ability to commit additional offenses.

True

Restorative justice focuses exclusively on imposing harsher punishment upon an offender.

False

A correctional policy can have a legitimate or well-intended purpose and still produce unintended or harmful outcomes.

True

Historically, imprisonment has always been the primary form of punishment used by Western societies.

False

Before the development of modern prisons, punishment could include fines, corporal punishment, public punishment, exile, and execution.

True

The penitentiary movement was influenced by the idea that confinement, discipline, reflection, and reform could change offenders.

True

The historical development of corrections is irrelevant to understanding contemporary prisons because modern correctional institutions no longer reflect earlier correctional ideas.

False

The broad system responsible for punishment, incarceration, supervision, rehabilitation, and reentry is known as _________.

Corrections

The study of punishment and correctional practices is known as __________.

Penology

The philosophy emphasizing that offenders should receive consequences proportionate to the wrongdoing they committed is __________.

Retribution

The philosophy designed to discourage future offending through the consequences of punishment is ________.

Deterrence

Resticting and offender’s liberity or opportunity to offend in order to protect society reflects the philosophy of ____________.

Incapacitation.

Programs involving education, treatment, counseling, behaviroal change, and skill development are most closely associated with _____________.

Rehabilitation.

A correctional philosophy emphasizing accountability, victins, communities, harm, and repair is known as ___________.

Restoration

An institution developed around the idea that confinement could encourage reflection, penitence, discipline, or reform become known as the _________.

Penitentiary

The early correctional model most strongly associated with separation and isolation of incarcerated individuals was the ___________ System.

Pennsylvania

The early correctional model assocaited with congregate labor, discipline, and enforced silence was the ______________ System.

Auburn

Jails are typically operated by county or municipal government, while prisons are operated by state or federal government.

True

All individuals held in American jails have been convicted of a crime.

False

Jails generally hold individuals serving sentences longer than one year.

False

The constitutional protection for a pretrial detainee challenging conditions of confinement arises under the Fourteenth Amendment rather than the Eighth Amendment.

True

Probation is a sentence served in the community under conditions established by the court.

True

A technical violation involves the commission of a new criminal offense.

False

Revocation of probation can result in incarceration even when no new crime has been committed.

True

The community supervision population in the U.S. is smaller than the incarcerated population.

False

Jails experience higher population turnover than prisons.

True

Probation officers perform both an enforcement function and an assistance function.

True

The release of a defendant on a written promise to appear in court, without requiring payment of bail, is known as release on ____________.

Recognizance

_______________ is widely regarded as the father of probation in the U.S.

John Augustus

A violation of a condition of supervision that does not involve the commisiion of a new crime is called a ____________ violation.

technical

The report prepared by a probation officer to assist the court at sentencing is called the ___________________ report.

Presentence Investigation

The process by which probation is terminated and the offender may be resentenced or incarcerated is called _______________.

revocation

Correctional facilities operated by county or municipal authroities that hold pretrial detainees and persons serving short sentences are called _________________.

Jails.

Conditions imposed on every probationer in a jurisdiction are called _______________ conditions, as distinguished from special conditions tailored to an individual.

standard

Money or property pledged to the court to secure a defendant’s release and ensure appearnace at trial is called ___________.

bail

The process of admitting an arrestee into jail - including searching, screening, and recording identity information — is called _____________.

booking

A defendant who cannot afford bail may remain in custody before trial; this is referred to as _________ detention.

pretrial