Unit 3 Cell Structure and Function

Cell

Basic unit of life

types of organisms

Unicellular, multicellular

two categories of cells?

Eukaryotes, prokaryotes

cytoplasm

Gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell (eukaryotes and prokaryotes)

Organelles

Specialized structures within the cell that perform important functions (little organs)

Which category of cell are organelles found in?

Eukaryotic cells only

Where are organelles found?

In the cytoplasm

Nucleus

Holds the DNA

Is the nucleus a membrane bound organelle or not?

Membrane bound organelle

Which category of cell is the nucleus found in?

Eukaryotes only

What do eukaryotic cells contain? (3 things)

Nucleus (generic material/DNA separated from rest of cell), membrane-bound organelle, cytoplasm

Many eukaryotic cells are ___ _______

Highly specialized

Eukaryotes include….

Plants, animals, fungi, protists

Prokaryotes dont have…

Nucleus, membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotes DNA free floating in cytoplasm or not?

Free floating

Prokaryotes are generally….

Smaller and simpler

Prokaryotes include…

Bacteria and archea

Cytoskeleton is found in ___ _____

All cells

Cytoskeleton is a network of ___________ found in the ________

Protein fibers, cytoplasm

The functions of cytoskeletons (5)

Support and shape the cell, help position and transport organelles, provide strength, assists in cell division, aids in cell movement (cilia + flagella)

Ribosomes assemble __________ into ______________

Amino acid, proteins/polypeptide chains

Ribosomes receive instructions from ___

DNA

Ribosomes are either found in the ______ or attached to the ______________

Cytoplasms, rough endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes are found in ________

All cells

What stores and protects the DNA?

The nucleus

What is the structure that DNA is loosely coiled in called?

Chromatin

DNA stores instructions for making _____

Proteins

What is the small dense region where ribosomes are made called?

Nucleolus

What is the double membrane layer with pores that surrounds the nucleus called?

Nuclear envelope

what cell type is the nucleus found?

All eukaryotes

What cell type is endoplasmic reticulum found in?

All eukaryotes

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Folded membranes outside of the nucleus with lots of surface area

What are the two parts of endoplasmic reticulum?

Rough ER and Smooth ER

Does the rough ER have ribosomes? What does it make?

Yes ribosomes on surface. Makes proteins

Does the smooth ER have ribosomes? What does it make?

No ribosomes on surface. Makes membrane lipids

What cell type is the Golgi apparatus found in?

All eukaryotes

The proteins produced in the rough ER then move to….

The Golgi apparatus

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell

ER stands for…

Endoplasmic reticulum

Organelles (specific examples)

Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, chloroplast, centrosome

What is a vesicle? (Small ________ sacs)

Small membrane bound sacs

What does the vesicle do?

Stores or transports specific molecules

What cell type is the vesicle found in?

All eukaryotic cells

What is the mitochondria’s job? (Aka the _______ of the cell)

To supply energy to the cell / powerhouse

The mitochondria uses ____ energy to make compounds the cell uses to power growth, development, and ________

Food, movement

What cell type is the mitochondria found in?

All eukaryotic cells

What does the chloroplast do?

Convert solar energy to chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis

what cell type is the chloroplast found

Plant cells only

What are centrosome’s made up of?

Made up of 2 centrioles

What does the centrosome do?

Help divide DNA during cell division, help form cilia and flagella

What type of cell is the centrosome found?

Animal cells only

Describe cilia

Fuzzy, hair like

Describe flagella

Has (a) tail(s)

Another name for cell membrane?

Plasma membrane

What is the cell membrane?

The border between a cell and the outside environment

Describe the qualities of the cell membrane (stiff, flexible, etc)

Thin and flexible

What does the cell membrane do?

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell

What is the cell membrane made up of?

Phospholipid bilayers

What cell type is cell membrane found in?

All cells

What is the cell wall?

Structure outside the cell membrane that surrounds the cell

What does the cell wall do?

Provides protection, support, shape to the cell

In plants and algae the cell wall is made of ______ (which is what macromolecule?)

Cellulose / carbs

What type of cell is the cell wall found in?

Prokaryotes and plant cells (not animal)

Algae is a ______ (animal, plant, fungi, protist)

Protist

Outline of the organelles and steps involved in making and processing proteins.

1. Receive instructions (DNA) from the nucleus

2. Rough ER has ribosomes on it that receive the DNA instructions and builds/makes the proteins

3. The proteins that are formed move to the Golgi apparatus and get modified, sorted, and packaged.

4. Vesicle comes and transports the proteins to where it needs to go

Note - the energy comes from the mitochondria