CHAPTER 5: ALTERNATIVES TO EXPERIMENTATION: CORRELATIONAL AND QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

Quasi-Experiment

resembles experiment but lacks manipulation of antecedent condition or random assignment to conditions

Quasi

it means seeming like

Antecedent Condition

it is the circumstances that occur or exist before the events or behavior to be explained.

Correlational Study

determine the degree of relationship between two variables.

Simple Correlation

the relationship between pairs of scores from each subject.

Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient

most used procedure for calculating simple correlation

Scatterplots

graphic display of pairs of data points on the x and y axis.

Regression Line

also called line of best fit; this is the line drawn on the scatterplots.

Linearity

tells how relationship between x and y can be plotted as a line.

sign

refers to whether the correlation coefficient is positive or negative

Magnitude

the strength of the correlation coefficient

Probability

the likelihood of obtaining a correlation coefficient of this magnitude due to a chance.

Multiple Regression

used to analyze the relationship between a single dependent variable and several independent variables

Casual Modeling

creation and testing of models that suggest cause-and-effect relationship between behaviors.

Path Analysis

creates and test models of possible casual sequences using multiple regression

Cross-lagged panel design

it measures relationship over time and used to suggest casual path. Involves looking at two variables, X and Y, at two different times

Ex Post Facto Design

identifies previous events and present condition and investigate the data to see its correlation.

Nonequivalent Group Design

it compares the result of before and after the treatment. It involves pretest, treatment, and post test.

cross-sectional studies

subjects at different developmental stages are compared at the same point in time.

longitudinal design

same group of subject is measured at different points in time to determine effect of time on behavior.