UT 201 Sectional anatomy week 2 brain and skull

Structures separating the nasal cavity (sagittal view)

Crista Galli, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and the vomer.

Centrally located structures separating the nasal cavity (coronal view)

Crista galli, perpendicular plate (of ethmoid), and vomer.

Position of ethmoid sinuses relative to maxillary sinuses

Superior and medial (the ethmoid sinuses lie above and closer to the midline than the maxillary sinuses).

The "keystone" bone of the cranium and why

Sphenoid bone; it articulates with all the other cranial bones.

Divisions of the cranial fossae

Anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and posterior cranial fossa.

Bones forming the bony hard palate

Palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal lamina of the palatine bone.

Components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

The brain and the spinal cord (the right and left halves of the brain join to form the spinal cord).

Four main lobes of the cerebrum

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe.

Groove separating the frontal and parietal lobes

Central sulcus.

Groove separating the frontal/parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

Lateral fissure (also known as the Sylvian fissure).

Groove separating the parietal and occipital lobes

Parieto-occipital sulcus (fissure).

Location of the brain stem relative to the cerebrum and cerebellum

Located below (inferior to) the cerebrum and anterior to the cerebellum.

Components of the brain stem

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Caudate nucleus (structure and position)

Paired C-shaped collection of gray matter that forms along the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle; extends out into the temporal lobe to terminate beside the amygdaloid body.

Putamen (location and classification)

Located centrally/laterally in the basal nuclei; forms the outer part of the lenticular nucleus (along with the globus pallidus).

Thalamus (location and relationship)

Centrally located deep gray matter structure; sits medial to the internal capsule and forms parts of the walls of the third ventricle.

Structure separating the thalamus and globus pallidus

Internal capsule (nerve fiber bundle / white matter).

Structure separating the putamen from the claustrum

External capsule (nerve fiber bundle / white matter).

Three meningeal layers (outer to inner)

Dura mater (outermost), Arachnoid mater (middle), and Pia mater (innermost, adheres to the brain surface).

Meningeal space containing Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Subarachnoid space (between the arachnoid mater and pia mater).

Falx cerebri (definition and function)

A fold of dura mater running down the longitudinal fissure; separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Tentorium cerebelli (definition and function)

A fold of dura mater in the transverse fissure; separates the cerebellum from the posterior cerebrum (occipital lobes).

Major arteries supplying blood to the brain

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries (which unite to form the basilar artery).

Major veins draining venous blood from the skull/brain

Internal jugular veins (which drain the dural venous sinuses like the superior sagittal, straight, transverse, and sigmoid sinuses).

Site of CSF production

Choroid plexus (located inside the lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles).

Reabsorption pathway for CSF

Reabsorbed from the subarachnoid space back into the venous bloodstream via the superior sagittal sinus (through arachnoid granulations).