MAN AND UNIVERSAL SELF.docx

Renaissance

Also known as "Rebirth" or "Revival" of the Roman Classical Arts.

Five classical Roman Orders of Architecture

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Composite, Tuscan.

Rusticated masonry

Use of rough, unfinished stones in construction.

Parapets

Low protective walls along the edge of a roof or balcony, usually with balusters.

Dome on a drum

A dome supported by a cylindrical or polygonal base.

Symmetry

Dignity and formality shown through balanced and mirrored designs.

Italian Renaissance

Early Period, High Renaissance or Proto-Baroque Period, Baroque Period.

French Renaissance

Early Period, Classical Period, Late Period.

German Renaissance

Early Renaissance, Proto-Baroque Period, Baroque Period, Rococo Period, Antiquarian Period.

English Renaissance

Early Period (Elizabethan Period, Jacobean Period), Late Period (Stuart Architecture - Inigo Jones Phase, Sir Christopher Wren's Phase, Georgian Architecture - Anglo-Palladian Phase, Antiquarian Phase).

Italy is divided into 3 centers of development

Geographical Influence

Influenced by bramante

Florence

Central position made use of existing classical buildings. It follows old rules

Rome

Influence by Andrea Palladio

Venice

Florence

Block of stones and marbles

Rome

Travertine, marble, and architectural fragments

Venice

Stone, marble, brick and wood

Rome

Roman government stability minimized castle effect, eminent artists exerted personalities on buildings, printing press and architectural school propagated Renaissance

Venice

National prosperity reflected in magnificent palaces

Climatic Influence

Florence (Bright and sunny - small windows, cortile, colonnade, low pitched roof), Venice (Extreme summer heat - belvedene, extreme cold season - interior eating, chimney stack shown inside), Rome (Similar effects as Venice).

Religious Influence

Florence (Religion reflected in architecture through the teaching of Savonarola), Rome (Religion and political struggle affected church development, Jesuits Order constructed preaching church and colleges), Venice (Resisted ecclesiastical controls and maintained semi-independence of the Popes).

Social and Political Influence

Florence (Medici family as patrons of artists, community rivalry resulted in fortification), Rome (Roman government stability minimized castle effect, eminent artists exerted personalities on buildings, printing press and architectural school propagated Renaissance), Venice (National prosperity reflected in magnificent palaces).

Historical Influence

Gunpowder, Mariner's compass, Printing by movable types.

Baroque

Architecture of curve lines, also covers interior decoration.

Antiquarian

Renewed inspiration from Ancient Greek and Roman Architecture.

Mannerists

Italian Renaissance Architects of the period 1530-1600 characterized by unconventional use of classical elements.

Filippo Brunelleschi

Famous architect in the Early Renaissance of Florence, known for the Dome of Florence Cathedral and San Lorenzo.

Alberti

Architect known for Palazzo Rucellai and San Andres.

Michelozzo

Architect known for Palazzo Riccardi.

Il Cronaco

Architect known for Palazzo Strozzi.

Filarete

Sculptor and architect known for Ospidale, Magiore, Milan.

Borgogne

Architect known for Certoza, Pavia.

Alessi

Architect known for Palazzo Sauili, Genoa.

Lurago

Follower of Alessi, architect known for Palazzo Municipio, Genoa.

Bramante

Architect known for Palazzo Della Cancelleria and Tempietto in San Pietro, Montario, Rome.

Raphael

Painter and architect known for Palazzo Pandolfini, Florence.

Guilo Romano

Pupil of Raphael, architect known for Palazzo Del Te, Mantua.

Michaelangelo

Sculptor, painter, and architect known for The Capitol, Rome.

Giovanni Bernini

Baroque architect known for the colonnaded Piazza of St. Peter's Cathedral.

Andrea Palladio

Greatest Renaissance architect known for Basilica at Vicenzo, Villa Capra, and San Giorgio Maggiore.

Giacomo Barrozi da Vignola

An architect who added side domes/cupolas to buildings.

Carlo Maderna

An architect who lengthened the nave to form a Latin Cross and added a gigantic facade.

Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini

An architect who designed the entrance Piazza with 284 Ionic Columns and the Tuscan colonnade.

S. Lorenzo, Florence

A church in Florence designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.

S. Maria della cancelleria, rome

A church in Rome designed by Donato Bramante.

Basilica Vicenza, Venice

A basilica in Venice designed by Andrea Palladio.

Palaces

Also known as "Palais," characterized by the absence of pilasters, a boldly projecting cornice, and column arcades.

Vatican Palace, Rome

The largest palace in Italy designed by Donato Bramante.

Palazzo Ricardi, Florence

A palace in Florence designed by Michelozzo Michellozzi.

Palazzo Farnese, Rome

The grandest palace of the period designed by Sangallo, with the top storey added by Michelangelo Buonarrotti.

Palazzo Pitti, Florence

The second largest palace in Italy designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.

Rustication

A method of forming stonework with a roughened surface and recessed joints.

Cortile

The Italian name for an internal court surrounded by an arcade.

Astylar

A treatment of a facade without columns.

Piano Nobile

Several steps going up and three steps going down before the principal flooring of an Italian palace.

Pietra Serena

A blue-grey stone of fine quality.

Pietra Forte

A brown stone more suitable for fine quality.

Cantoria

A singer's gallery or "choir."