fsw pharm exam 2 drugs

Acetaminophen (Analgesic drug) classification

- non opioid analgesic and antipyretic

Acetaminophen (analgesic drug) indications

-fever

-mild to moderate pain (headache, muscle aches, menstrual cramps, etc.)

Acetaminophen (analgesic drug) therapeutic effects

-reduces fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus

-relieves pain by raising the pain threshold

Acetaminophen (analgesic) adverse effects

-hepatotoxicity with excessive doses (acetochysoline if liver toxicity)

-blood dyscrasias

Acetaminophen (analgesics) side effects

-nausea

-rash

-headache

Acetaminophen (analgesic) nursing considerations

-monitor total daily dose from all sources

-do not exceed maximum daily dose

-assess for liver disease or alcohol use which increased risk of hepatotoxicity

-monitor for efficacy and adverse effects

Acetaminophen (analgesic) patient education

-take only as directed

-do not exceed maximum daily dose

-avoid alcohol

-report signs of liver toxicity (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice)

Lidocaine, transdermal (analgesic) classification

-topical anesthetic

Lidocaine, transdermal (analgesics) indications

-treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (pain after shingles outbreak)

Lidocaine, transdermal (analgesic) therapeutic effects

-provides local anesthetic and analgesic effects by blocking sodium channels and preventing nerve signal transmission

Lidocaine, transdermal (analgesic) adverse effects

-potential systemic toxicity (cardiac dysrhythmias) with excessive dosing

Lidocaine, transdermal (analgesic) side effects

-local skin reactions like redness, edema, unusual sensations

Lidocaine, transdermal (analgesic) contraindications

-hypersensitivity to lidocaine or patch components

-should not be used on damage or non-intact areas

-with patients who has severe hepatic disease or heart block

Lidocaine, transdermal (analgesic) nursing considerations

-apply to intact skin

-limit wear time to 12 hours per day

-secure disposal of used patches

-monitor for toxicity

Lidocaine, transdermal (analgesic) patient education

-explain proper application, wear time limits, safe disposal

-advice not using on damage skin or near eyes/mouth

-report severe side effects

Naloxone hydrochloride (analgesic) classification

-opioid antagonist

Naloxone hydrochloride (analgesic) indication

-reversal of opioid induced respiratory depression and treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose

Naloxone hydrochloride (analgesic) therapeutic effects

-reverse the effects of blocking the opioids by competitively binding to and blocking the mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors in the brain and body

Naloxone hydrochloride (analgesic) side effects

-opioid withdrawal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, sweating, tremors, tachycardia)

Naloxone hydrochloride (analgesic) adverse effects

-pulmonary edema

-cardiac arrythmias

-hypertension

Naloxone hydrochloride (analgesic) contraindications

-hypersensitivity to Naloxone

Naloxone hydrochloride (analgesic) nursing considerations

-assess respiratory status before and after administration

-be prepared to manage withdrawal symptoms

-have rescue medication available

-monitor for renarcotization and need for repeat dosing

Naloxone hydrochloride (analgesic) patient education

-explain that naloxone reverses opioid effects temporarily

-stress importance for seeking immediate medical care for overdose

-advise avoiding opioids after receiving naloxone

Hydromorphone (analgesic) classification

-semi synthetic opioid analgesic and narcotic

Hydromorphone (analgesic) indication

-management of moderate to severe pain

Hydromorphone (analgesic) therapeutic effects

-binds to mu opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to decrease perception of pain

-provides analgesia and sedation

Hydromorphone (analgesic) side effects

-constipation

-nausea

-vomiting

-drowsiness

-dizziness

-dry mouth

Hydromorphone (analgesic) adverse effects

-respiratory depression

-hypotension

-physical/psychological dependence

Hydromorphone (analgesic) contraindications

-hypersensitivity

-severe respiratory depression

-paralytic ileus

-acute asthma

Hydromorphone (analgesic) nursing considerations

-assess pain level, respiratory status, bowel function

-monitor for excessive sedation and signs of dependence

-provide bowel regimen

-taper slowly to avoid withdrawal

Hydromorphone (analgesic) patient education

-take only as prescribed

-do not crush or break extended-release forms

-avoid driving or operating machinery

-report excessive sedation or slowed breathing

-discuss constipation prevention

Morphine sulfate (analgesic) classification

-natural opiate agonist analgesic

Morphine sulfate (analgesic) indication

-management of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain

Morphine sulfate (analgesic) therapeutic effects

- binds to mu opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to decrease pain perception

-also provides sedation and euphoria

Morphine sulfate (analgesic) side effects

-constipation

-nausea

-vomiting

-itching

-drowsiness

-confusion

Morphine sulfate (analgesic) adverse effects

-respiratory depression

-hypotension

-physical/physiological dependence

Morphine sulfate (analgesic) contraindications

-hypersensitivity

-paralytic ileus

-severe respiratory depression

-acute asthma attack

Morphine sulfate (analgesic) nursing considerations

-assess pain level

-respiratory status

-bowel function

-monitor for oversedation and dependence

-provide bowel regimen

-taper slowly to avoid withdrawal

Morphine sulfate (analgesic) patient education

-take only as prescribed

-do not crush or break extended release forms

-avoid driving or operating machinery

-report excessive sedation or slowed breathing

-discuss constipation prevention

Isoniazid (antitubercular) classification

-antibacterial agent used to treat TB

Isoniazid (antitubercular) indication

-treatment of active TB, as well as latent TB infection

Isoniazid (antitubercular) therapeutic effects

-inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids needed for the mycobacterial cell wall, leading to bacterial death

Isoniazid (antitubercular) side effects

-nausea

-vomiting

-hepatitis

-peripheral neuropathy

-fatigue

-dizziness

Isoniazid (antitubercular) adverse effects

-severe hepatitis

-psychosis

-seizures

-optic neuritis

Isoniazid (antitubercular) contraindications

-previous isoniazid induced hepatic injury

-acute liver disease

Isoniazid (antitubercular) nursing considerations

-monitor liver function tests

-administer pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to prevent neuropathy

-observe for signs of hepatotoxicity

-provide medication teaching

Isoniazid (antitubercular) patient education

-take with food to reduce GI upset

-report signs of liver problems or vision changes immediately

-avoid alcohol

Rifampin (antitubercular) classification

-rifamycin antibiotic

Rifampin (antitubercular) indication

-treatment of tuberculosis

-prevention of meningococcal meningitis

-treatment of other bacterial infections

Rifampin (antitubercular) therapeutic effects

-inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to DNA dependent RNA polymerase, leading to bacterial cell death

Rifampin (antitubercular) side effects

-reddish orange discoloration of body fluids

-nausea

-vomiting

-diarrhea

-rash

-flu-like symptoms

Rifampin (antitubercular) adverse effects

-hepatotoxicity

-thrombocytopenia

-kidney injury

-flu like syndrome

Rifampin (antitubercular) contraindications

-hypersensitivity to rifampin or rifamycins

-jaundice

Rifampin (antitubercular) nursing considerations

-monitor liver enzymes and bilirubin levels

-provide medication teaching

-advise patient about body fluid discoloration

-watch for drug interactions

Rifampin (antitubercular) patient education

-take on an empty stomach

-report signs of liver problems or bleeding

-use contraception as rifampin decreases oral contraceptive efficacy

-avoid alcohol

Aspirin (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) classification

-salicylate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Aspirin (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) indication

-relief of mild to moderate pain, fever, inflammation

-used for prevention of heart attack, stroke, blood clot formation

Aspirin (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) therapeutic effects

-anti-inflammatory

-analgesic

-antipyretic

-antiplatelet effects

Aspirin (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) side effects

-nausea

-vomiting

-heartburn

-stomach pain

-ringing in ears (tinnitus)

Aspirin (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) adverse effects

-peptic ulcers

-GI bleeding

-kidney impairment

-tinnitus

Aspirin (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) contraindications

-hypersensitivity

-bleeding disorders

-severe kidney or liver disease

-asthma

-third trimester of pregnancy

Aspirin (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) nursing considerations

-assess for bleeding, renal function

-administer with food/antacids

-monitor platelets, occult blood

-provide medication teaching

Aspirin (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) patient education

-take with food/milk

-avoid alcohol

-report signs of bleeding, rash, difficulty breathing

-do not take for viral illnesses

Celecoxib (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) classification

-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

-selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) inhibitors

Celecoxib (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) indication

-treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, ankylosing (spine) spondylitis, and primary dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps)

Celecoxib (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) therapeutic effects

-inhibits COX- 2 enzyme to reduce inflammation, pain, and fever

Celecoxib (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) side effects

-headache

-diarrhea

-dizziness

-edema

-hypertension

Celecoxib (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) adverse effects

-increased risk of cardiovascular events like heart attack and stroke

-GI bleeding

-allergic reactions

Celecoxib (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) contraindications

-hypersensitivity to celecoxib or sulfonamides

-perioperative pain from coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Celecoxib (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) nursing considerations

-monitor for cardiovascular, GI, allergic effects

-assess pain control

-provide medication teaching

Celecoxib (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) patient education

-take with food to reduce stomach upset

-report chest pain, shortness of breath, rash, or signs of bleeding

-avoid if allergic to sulfa drugs

Ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) classification

-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the propionic acid class

Ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) indications

-relief of pain, fever, inflammation from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, menstrual cramps, dental pain, muscle aches

Ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) therapeutic effects

-anti-inflammatory

-analgesic

-antipyretic by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes

Ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) side effects

-nausea

-dyspepsia

-diarrhea

-constipation

-dizziness

-headache

-rash

Ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) adverse effects

-GI ulcers/bleeding

-kidney injury

-cardiovascular events like heart attack and stroke

Ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) contraindications

-hypersensitivity

-active GI bleeding

-perioperative pain with coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) nursing considerations

-assess pain control, GI effects, renal function, cardiovascular status

-administer with food/antacids

-provide medication teaching

Ibuprofen (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) patient education

-take with food to reduce stomach upset

-avoid alcohol

-report signs of bleeding, rash, edema, shortness of breath

-use lowest effective dose

Ketorolac (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) classification

-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Ketorolac (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) indication

-short term management of moderately severe acute pain

Ketorolac (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) therapeutic effects

-potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

Ketorolac (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) side effects

-nausea

-dyspepsia

-abdominal pain

-edema

-dizziness

-headache

Ketorolac (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) adverse effects

-GI ulceration/bleeding

-renal impairment

-increased risk of cardiovascular events

Ketorolac (analgesic and anti-inflammatory) adverse effects

-GI ulceration/bleeding

-renal impairment

-increased risk of cardiovascular events

Ketorolac (analgesic anti-inflammatory) contraindications

-hypersensitivity

-active GI bleeding

-perioperative pain with CABG surgery, renal impairment, high risk of cardiovascular events

Ketorolac (analgesic anti-inflammatory) nursing considerations

-assess pain control

-monitor renal function

-GI effects

-do not exceed 5-day maximum duration

-give IV doses slowly over 15+ seconds

-provide medication teaching

Ketorolac (analgesic anti-inflammatory) patient education

-take with foods/antacids

-report signs of bleeding, edema, renal issues

-avoid alcohol, OTC pain relievers

-limit use to 5 days maximum

Benzonatate (respiratory medication) classification

-non-narcotic oral antitussive (cough suppressant)

Benzonatate (respiratory medication) indication

-symptomatic relief of cough

Benzonatate (respiratory medication) therapeutic effects

-suppress the cough reflex by anesthetizing the stretch receptors in the respiratory passages

Benzonatate (respiratory medication) side effects

-nausea

-constipation

-dizziness

-headache

-sedation

Benzonatate (respiratory medication) adverse effects

-severe abdominal pain

-paralytic ileus

-allergic reactions

Benzonatate (respiratory medication) contraindications

-hypersensitivity

-severe liver disease

-persistent or chronic cough with excessive secretions

Benzonatate (respiratory medication) nursing considerations

-assess cough and respiratory status

-monitor for constipation and urinary retention

-provide medication teaching

-caution against overuse

Benzonatate (respiratory medication) patient education

-take with food to reduce GI side effects

-increase fluid intake

-do not use for persistent or chronic cough

-report severe abdominal pain immediately

Diphenhydramine (respiratory medication) classification

-first generation ethanolamine derivative antihistamine

Diphenhydramine (respiratory medication) indications

-relief of symptoms associated with allergic conditions like hay, fever, upper respiratory allergies

-used for motion sickness, insomnia, extrapyramidal symptoms

Diphenhydramine (respiratory medication) therapeutic effect

-blocks histamine at H1 receptor sites to provide antipruritic, antiemetic, sedative, anticholinergic effects

Diphenhydramine (respiratory medication) side effects

-sedation

-dry mouth/nose/throat

dizziness

-headache

-blurred vision

-constipation

-urinary retention