UE Orthopedics

Codman's pendulum exercises

Therapeutic exercise for the shoulder joint in which the client bends forward at the waist with the arm perpendicular to the floor, then rocks the body side-to-side allowing the relaxed arm to freely move in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction

controlled range of motion

active or passive movement within a predetermined safe arc. (middle of range gradually upgraded toward the full arc as healing occurs)

scapular plane

Midpoint between shoulder flexion and abduction; majority of functional activities occur in this plane

Shoulder Immobilizer

An orthopedic appliance that maintains the arm against the body in a slightly abducted and internally rotated position

Trendeleburg gait

ambulation pattern that results from weakened gluteus medius; client lurches toward the injured side to place center of gravity over the hip; characterized by dropping of the pelvis on the unaffected side at heel strike of the affected foot.

Volkmann's ischemia

deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist caused by injury to the muscles of the forearm

ORIF

open reduction internal fixation

Colles fracture

complete fracture of the distal radius at the wrist with dorsal displacement

Smith's fracture

complete fracture of the distal radius with palmar displacement

Barton's fracture

Fracture of the lip of the distal radius

Impingement

compression of soft tissue between the ends of two or more bones

subluxation

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

compartment syndrome

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

Finkelstein's test

If positive, Indicates de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Grasp the thumb against the palm and then move the wrist toward the midline in the ulnar deviation

brachial plexus

network of interlacing nerves found in the upper arm area

shoulder dystocia

delayed or difficult birth of the fetal shoulders after the head is born

Waiter's tip

Erb's palsy

Claw deformity

Position of MP hyperextension and PIP flexion associated with muscle imbalance in ulnar-innervated structures.

Wartenberg's sign

fifth finger held abducted from the fourth finger

Froment's sign

flexion of the IP of the thumb when a lateral pinch is attempted

crutch palsy

weakening of forearm, wrist, and hand muscles because of nerve impairment in the axilla caused by incorrectly fitted crutches or poor posture

Swan neck deformity

hyperextension of PIP joint and flexion of DIP joint

Boutonniere deformity

flexion of PIP joint and hyperextension of DIP joint

Dupytren's contracture

A gradual thickening and tightening of the fibrous tissue layer (palmar fascia) under the skin in the hand