BIO EXAM: 5th set
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33 Terms
What are the two types of cells?
Germ cells and Somatic cells
Germ cells characteristics
Haploid
23 chromosomes in humans
Somatic cell characteristics
Diploid
46 chromosomes
Disease doesn’t transfer unless it happens?
In a fertilized egg( the germ line cells)
What are gonads?
Seeds
Female→ ovaries
Male→ testes
What cell will be gone with you when you die(dies when you die)
Somatic cells
What is the cycle between Germaine and somatic?
Sperm and ovum(egg) connect to become fertilized → human is born with somatic cells → germ line cells of human are given when reproduction occurs
Name for fertilized egg
Zygote
Sperm and egg
Are somatic cells passed to the next generation?
No! They die with you
What does there germline cells do?
Continuous the species = BIOLOGICAL IMMORTALITY OF THE GERMLINE
The egg is huge and has…
Mitochondria and other organelles (mitochondria comes from mom)
What does your body do?
Plans ahead for the future → Genital ridge being formed
What occurs at week 4?
The Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) begin their journey from the yolk sac/allantois
What is XX
Female!
What is XY?
Male!
Why do the gonads reduce chromosomes to 23
So chromosomes don’t double every generation and cause disorders
Aneuploidy
presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
46 total chromosomes
23 pairs(One from mom + one from dad)
Genome stability
Our genome doesn’t allow variation
Disorders of Chromosome
Most arise from meiotic nondisjunction: an extra (trisomy) or missing (monosomy) chromosome
Examples of Autosomal Aneuploidy
Down, Edwards, and Patau Syndrome
Down syndrome
Edwards syndrome
Patau Syndrome
Examples of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy
Turner, klinefelter, Triple X, an XYY(Jacobs) syndrome
Turner syndrome
Klinefelter
Triple X
XYY(Jacobs)
Meiosis
makes unique sex cells (sperm and egg) for sexual reproduction→ cut 23 chromosomes
Mitosis
makes an exact copy of a cell for growth, repair, and daily maintenance
What is this?
Chromatin
What is this?
A chromosome → "Moving day" refers to the moment a cell prepares to divide into two new cells