Sistema Internacional de Unidades, Factores de Conversión y Seguridad e Instrumental de Laboratorio

Vocabulary flashcards covering SI base quantities and units, metric prefixes, chemical hazard pictograms, essential laboratory equipment, and unit conversion fundamentals.

Length ($L, l$)

A fundamental physical quantity representing distance, with the International System of Units (SI) base unit of meter ($m$).

Mass ($m$)

A fundamental physical quantity representing the amount of matter in an object, with the SI base unit of kilogram ($kg$).

Time ($t$)

A fundamental physical quantity measuring the duration of events, with the SI base unit of second ($s$).

Temperature ($T$)

A fundamental physical quantity measuring thermodynamic thermal energy, with the SI base unit of Kelvin ($K$).

Electric Current ($I$)

A fundamental physical quantity measuring the rate of flow of electric charge, with the SI base unit of ampere ($A$).

Luminous Intensity ($I_L$)

A fundamental physical quantity measuring the perceived optical power emitted by a light source, with the SI base unit of candela ($cd$).

Amount of Substance ($n$)

A fundamental physical quantity measuring the number of elementary entities in a sample, with the SI base unit of mole ($mol$).

Tera- ($T$)

A decimal metric prefix denoting a multiplication factor of $10^{12}$.

Giga- ($G$)

A decimal metric prefix denoting a multiplication factor of $10^9$.

Mega- ($M$)

A decimal metric prefix denoting a multiplication factor of $10^6$.

Kilo- ($k$)

A decimal metric prefix denoting a multiplication factor of $10^3$.

Hecto- ($h$)

A decimal metric prefix denoting a multiplication factor of $10^2$.

Deca- ($da$)

A decimal metric prefix denoting a multiplication factor of $10^1$.

Deci- ($d$)

A decimal metric prefix denoting a multiplication factor of $10^{-1}$.

Hazard Pictograms

Standardized diamond-shaped graphic symbols with red borders used on chemical labels to identify specific physical, health, and environmental hazards.

Explosive Pictogram

A hazard pictogram showing an exploding bomb, indicating unstable explosives, self-reactive substances, or organic peroxides.

Flammable Pictogram

A hazard pictogram showing an open flame, identifying flammable gases, aerosols, liquids, solids, and self-heating substances.

Oxidizing Pictogram

A hazard pictogram depicting a flame over an open circle, identifying oxidizing substances that can cause or contribute to the combustion of other materials.

Compressed Gas Pictogram

A hazard pictogram featuring a gas cylinder silhouette, indicating gases stored under pressure (such as compressed, liquefied, or dissolved gases).

Corrosive Pictogram

A hazard pictogram showing chemicals dripping onto a surface and human flesh, indicating materials that cause severe skin burns, serious eye damage, or corrosion to metals.

Toxic Pictogram

A hazard pictogram depicting a skull and crossbones, indicating severe acute toxicity that can cause fatal or toxic consequences upon inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.

Health Hazard Pictogram

A hazard pictogram featuring a human silhouette with a starburst in the chest, indicating serious chronic health risks such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or respiratory sensitization.

Harmful / Exclamation Mark Pictogram

A hazard pictogram displaying an exclamation mark, identifying less severe hazards such as skin or eye irritation, dermal sensitization, or acute toxicity (harmful).

Environmental Hazard Pictogram

A hazard pictogram showing a dead tree and a dying fish, indicating chemical toxicity that causes acute or long-term damage to aquatic environments.

Erlenmeyer Flask

A conical laboratory glassware container with a flat bottom and narrow neck, designed for swirling, mixing, and heating liquids without spilling.

Graduated Cylinder

A tall, narrow laboratory container with calibrated volumetric markings along its length, used to accurately measure liquid volumes.

Volumetric Flask

A pear-shaped glass vessel calibrated with a single ring mark on its neck to contain an exact volume of solution at a specific temperature.

Mortar and Pestle

A two-piece laboratory apparatus composed of a heavy bowl and club-shaped tool, used to crush, grind, and pulverize solid chemical compounds.

Conversion Factor

A mathematical ratio equal to $1$ constructed from equivalent values of different units, multiplied by a measured quantity to convert from one unit to another.

Metric Ton ($ton$)

A standard unit of mass equal to $10^3\,kg$ ($1000\,kg$), commonly converted using the factor $\frac{10^3\,kg}{1\,ton}$.