Unidad 3 grammar

Presente perfecto

an action that’s done in the past and in the present

have/has done something

pasado perfecto/ el pluscuamperfecto

an action that occured before or after an action in the past

had done something

conjugation for haber in presente perfecto

he

has

ha

hemos

habéis

han

• verb -ado, -ido

pasado perfecto haber conjugation

había

habías

había

habíamos

habíais

habían

• verb ado, ido

abrir

abierto

decir

dicho

describir

descrito (to describe

descubrir

descubierto (descover)

escribir

escrito

hacer

hecho

morir

muerto

poner

puesto

resolver

resuelto (resolve)

romper

roto (brake)

ver

visto

volver

vuelto

How do you create a future tense verb

infinitive +

é, ás, á, emos, éis, án

(like hablaré)

future tense decir stem

dir

future tense stem for haber

habr

future tense stem for hacer

har

future tense stem for poder

podr

future tense stem for poner

pondr

future tense stem for querer

querr

future tense stem for saber

sabr

future tense stem for salir

saldr

future tense stem for tener

tendr

future tense stem for venir

vendr-

what does the present subjunctive do

used before a situation for WEIRDO, Wishes/wants, emotions, impersonal expression, requests/recommendations, doub/denial, OJALÁ (I wish)

basically to recommend someone to do smt

normally uses que, but if it’s ojalá, it doesn't need i t

how to form a present subjunctive verb

yo in present, take out o, use the opposite letter

verb endings present subjunctive endings for AR verbs

yo verb, take out o

-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en

verb endings present subjunctive endings for ER/IR verbs

-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

what are the irregular verb stems for present subjunctive

DISHES

dar, ir, ser, hay, estar, saber

Irregular stem present subjunctive for Dar

dé, des, dé, demos, déis, den

Irregular stem present subjunctive for ir

vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan

Irregular stem present subjunctive for ser

sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean

Irregular stem present subjunctive for hay

haya

Irregular stem present subjunctive for estar

esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén

Irregular stem present subjunctive for saber

sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan

Gar, Car, Zar, present subjunctive changes

gu, qu, c

llegar present subjunctive (to arrive

llegue, llegues, llegue, lleguemos, lleguéis, lleguen

sacar (to take out or remove)

saque, saques, saque, saquemos, sequéis, saquen

empezar present subjunctive

empiece, empieces, empiece, EMPECEMOS, EMPECÉIS, empiecen

present subjunctive stem changing boot trick

same thing as present tense

e—ie

e —> ie, but i stays in nosotros

e—>i, but i stays in nosotros

o—>ue, but u stays in nosotros

pensar, e—>ie verb present subjunctive

piense, pienses, piense, pensemos, penséis, piensen

divertir present subjunctive

divierta, diviertas, divierta, divirtamos, divirtáis, diviertan

pedir present subjunctive

pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidáis, pidan

morir present subjunctive

puera, pueras, puera, muramos, muráis, mueran