juris

Autonomy

an individual must have adequate knowledge to explore and examine all options relevant to the healthcare decision that needs to be made.

Benefience

refers to the fact that all acts must be meant to attain a good result or to be beneficial.

Non-maleficence

is embodied by the phrase, "first, do no harm," or the Latin, primum non nocere.

Euthanasia

is the termination of a very sick person's life in order to relieve them of their suffering.

Voluntary

with consent. Countries in Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherland, Switzerland, Washington US.

Non-voluntary

is conducted on a person who is unable to consent due to their current health condition.

Involuntary

this is when euthanasia is performed on a patient who will be able to provide informed consent but does not, either because they don’t want to die or they were not asked.

Passive euthanasia

life sustaining treatments are withheld.

Active euthanasia

when someone uses lethal substances or forces to end the patient’s life whether by the patient or somebody else.

Confidentiality

This concept is commonly known as patient-physician privilege.

Legal incapacity (or incompetency)

to establish legal incapacity, the court must determine that the person can no longer manage personal affairs in his or her own best interest.

Clinical incapacity

to make health care decisions is the medical judgment of a qualified doctor or other health care practitioner.

Informed consent

is substantially achieved when patients understand.

Self-determination

means that adults of sound mind have the right to decide what shall be done to their body. It is the foundation of the legal and ethical doctrine of informed consent.

Informed Refusal

For example, a person having a heart attack can decide to leave the hospital even if that may lead to death

Living will

expresses, in advance, a person’s instructions or preferences about future medical treatments, particularly end-of-life care, in the event the person loses capacity to make health care decisions

Health care power of attorney

appoints a person (called a health care agent or proxy, health care representative, or other name depending on the state) to make decisions for the person (the principal) in the event of incapacity (temporary or permanent) to make health care decisions.

Statutory Law

are derived from legislative enactments.

Common Law

usually results from judicial decisions.

Criminal Law

An offense is regarded as criminal behavior and in the realm of criminal it is an offense in the society or a member of society. If that party is found guilty he or she is punished. Criminal law protects the entire community against certain acts.

Misdemeanor

it is an offense that is considered a lower level criminal offense punishable by a fine or imprisonment less than 1 year.

Felony

a crime of a serious nature punishable by a fine and prison sentence of more than 1 year or in extreme cases by death.

Consummated

when all the elements necessary for its execution and accomplishment are present.

Frustrated

when the offender performs all the acts or execution which will produce a felony as a consequence but which nevertheless do not produce it by the reason of causes independent of the realm of perpetrators.

Attempted

the reason attempt to commit a felony when the offender commences the commission directly by a work, act, and does not perform all the acts or execution which shall produce this felony by some reason of cause or accident rather than his own spontaneous resistance.

Moral Turpitude

this is an act of baseness, vileness or depravity in social or private duties which a man.

Murder

is the unlawful killing of human a being with intent to kill.

Homicide

taking of a person’s life regardless of the intent or circumstances surrounding the death.

Abortion

the expulsion of the product of conception before the age of viability.

Parricide

is the murdering of a close relative a parent, sibling or another similarly close relative.

Civil Law

Body of rules that define and protects the private life of citizens.

Matricide

an act of killing one’s own mother.

Fratricide

- murder of one’s brother.

Sororicide

murder of one’s sister.

Infanticide

killing of a child less than 3 days of age.

Preponderance of Evidence

the standard of proof used in most civil trials.

Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

the standard of proof used in criminal trials.

Contract Law

deals with agreements between two or more parties which of which is obligated to hold up their portion of the agreement. Maybe oral or written.

Tort Law

considered with personal injury and civil wrongdoing. A tort is a civil wrong done by one person or entity to another which results in injury of property damage.

Personal Property

can be tangible such as jewelry, animals and merchandise or intangible such as patents, copyright, tax and bonds.

Real Property

refers to land and anything dealt with it that can’t be easily removed. Anything under the surface of the land like Foil and mineral.

Family Law

deals with marriage, divorce, annulment, child custody, adaption, birth, child support and any other issues affecting families.

Trespass to chattels

defendant intentionally and physically interfering with the plaintiff right to possession and use of their property.

Conversion

defendant depriving of their personal property w/o the plaintiff’s consent and using the plaintiff’s property as his own.