Basic tajweed

Hams: airy sound (like whispering)

فحثه شخص سكت

Jahr: strong/voiced

all letters like ظ that are not ف ح ث ه ش خ ص س ك ت

Shiddah: strong, stops airflow

أجد قط بكت

Tawassuṭ: in-between →

لن عمر

Rakhāwah: soft, continuous

like ف but anything not أ ج د ق ط ب ك ت and ل ن ع م ر

Isti‘lā: heavy (thick) →

خص ضغط قظ

Istifāl: light →

like هـ not خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ

Iṭbāq: very heavy →

ص ض ط ظ

Infitāḥ: open →

like و not ص ض ط ظ

Iḏlāq: easy/flowing to say

ف ر م ن ل ب

Iṣmāt: hard to say

like ع not ف ر م ن ل ب

Ṣafīr (صفير) – whistling sound →

ص ز س

Qalqalah (قلقلة) – echo/bounce →

قطب جد

Līn (لين) – softness →

و ، ي (when sakin and after fatḥah)

Inḥirāf (انحراف) – The sound of the letter slightly “leans” or deviates from its original makhraj (articulation point) as it exits.→

ل ، ر

Takrīr (تكرير) – slight vibration →

ر (be careful not to over-roll it)

Tafashshī (تفشي) –

spreading sound → ش

Istiṭālah (استطالة) – stretching by putting pressure on tongue before saying it →

ض

tafkim and tarqeeq letters; letters that can be mufakham or muraqaq

ر and ل

الجوف (Al-Jawf)

• ا (after fatḥah)

• و (after ḍammah)

• ي (after kasrah

Deep throat:

• ء

• ه

Middle throat:

• ع

• ح

Upper throat:

• غ

• خ

Back of tongue with soft palate:

ق

back tongue with middle of soft and hard palate

ك

Middle tongue:

• ج ش ي

Side of tongue:

ض

Tip sides:

ل

Slightly behind tip:

ر

Tip

• ن

Tip with roots of teeth:

• ط د ت

Tip with edge of teeth:

• ص س ز

Tip between teeth:

• ظ ذ ث

الشفتان (Ash-Shafatan) — The Lips-Lower lip with upper teeth:

• ف

Both lips:

• ب م و

الخيشوم

ghunna sound for ن and م

Iẓhār (إظهار) — Clear

ء هـ ع ح غ خ-مِنْ هَادٍ

B. Idghām (إدغام) — Merge With With gunnah

مِنْ وَالٍ-ي ن م و-يرملون

B. Idghām (إدغام) — Merge Without Ghunnah

مِنْ رَبِّهِم -يرملون-ل ر

C. Iqlāb (إقلاب) — Change to Meem

ب-أَنْبِئْهُم

D. Ikhfāʾ (إخفاء) — Hide

ص ذ ث ك ج ش ق س د ط ز ف ت ض ظ-مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ

A. Ikhfāʾ Shafawī

تَرْمِيهِمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ-Before ب

B. Idghām Shafawī

لَكُمْ مَا-Before another meem

C. Iẓhār Shafawī

Before all other letters-هُمْ فِيهَا

Natural Madd (2 counts)

Occurs with:

ا after fatḥah

و after ḍammah

ي after kasrah

Example:

قَالَ

يَقُولُ

قِيلَ

Madd Muttasil (4–5 counts)

جَاءَ Hamzah in SAME word.

Madd Munfasil (4–5 counts)

Hamzah in NEXT word.

Example:

فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ

Madd Lazim (6 counts)

Strong permanent madd-الضَّالِّينَ

Madd Leen

Soft letters و or ي after fatḥah when stopping.

Example:

خَوْف

Madd ʿĀriḍ li-s-Sukūn

Example:

الْعَالَمِينَ

May read 2, 4, or 6 counts when stopping

10. Ghunnah (الغنة)-strongest in?

Noon mushaddadah

Meem mushaddadah

Example:

إِنَّ

ثُمَّ

Hold for about 2 counts.

Strong Qalqalah

mushaddad + stop وَتَبَّ

Medium Qalqalah

stopping-الْفَلَقْ

Small Qalqalah

middle of word يَجْعَل