Pre-Greeks and Greeks

When you say Western civilization does that restrict it to just Europeans

No because most of its roots are from other cultures

How much civilizations before greek and what were they referred to

Minoans and Mycenaeans were the Bronze age

Minoans

An ancient civilization on the island of Crete known for dominating the islands of today’s Greece with sea trade, strong navy, and culture.

Where did the minotaur come from

Minoans

Who defeated the Minoans

Mycenaeans

The Minoans were ______-________ people

sea-faring (trade and fishing)

What was in the Minoan artworks

Bulls/Minotaurs

Why did the Minoan civilization fall and the Mycenaean civilization rise

From war or natural disaster

Mycenaeans

Ancient Greek civilization known for its powerful warrior kings and were based on the Trojan War (insult) and were told in the stories of The Illiad and The Odyssey

Why did the Mycenaeans go after Troy

because the Troy requested high taxes to anyone who traveled in and out of the black sea so they didn’t like that

What did the Mycenaeans dominate

Land and sea

The Odyssey

An ancient Greek epic poem from Homer that describes Odysseus's long journey home after the Trojan War.

Why is the story of the Trojan war an insult to Mycenaeans

Because in the story they were fighting over a woman (Helen) but it was actually because of the taxes

The Illiad

An ancient Greek epic poem from Homer that tells part of the Trojan War, focusing on the hero Achilles.

Knossos

Largest palace in Crete, believed to be the Home of King Minos

What was the palace to the people

more of a community center

Where did the Greeks get their culture from?

Mycenaens

Most powerful tool/weapon of the Bronze age

Chariots (tanks of the ancient world)

What does Troy do after a city falls

A new one will grow using remnants from the other culture, and build on top of the old

What did Greeks do with the stories of The Odyssey and The Iliad

They used it to decorate their pottery and used it in school textbooks

When do the Persians develop?

during the pre-greek’s dark age

What is Persia

empire

How did the Persians govern (3)

1. They took over neighboring lands to slowly expand

2. Divided into states

3. Use religion as “Propaganda” saying their empire was good

What was the Persians religion

Zoroastrianism

Did the Persians respect other cultures and religions

Yes they did and they allowed the local leaders to stay in power as long as they obeyed

How else did the Persians govern (3)

4. Roads were built to connect states and cities

5. Kings and emperors had many wives

6. Official capital city was for show

Why would Kings and emperors have many wives

create alliances and have more kids to choose the next heir

What was the capital city of Persia? What was in it?

Persepolis had artwork showing the ruler as ”good” & generous, and the people as being “happy” (Propaganda)

Did real decisions happen in Persepolis?

no it happened in Susa

Main lesson from Persia

People will not take pride in new empire if that empire doesn’t respect their culture and people

What was a pattern in governments

They used religion as a tool

What did the Greeks call themselves

Hellenes

What did they rely on to survive

the sea

Did they all have the same government for each city-state

no, they had different forms of government

What foundation did the Greek’s lay for today

Art, Theater, Language, Writing, Architecture, Science, Politics & Government, Philosophy, Education

What did the other Greek city-states do to each other

They fought each other which led to empires like Rome to take over

Acropolis

A high hill in an ancient Greek city where important temples, buildings, last line of defenses, and city treasury were located

The Persian wars

Series of wars with Persia and Greece (Athens). Many city-states bow down to Persia but others fight

What led the Athens do that dominated over the other Greeks to defeat Persia

Athens naval power (Triremes)

Athens

Main trade and cultural center, Greece’s Golden Age

Phalanx

Greek method on land using shields and long spears, men would tightly group together and march forward.  The shields overlapped and created a strong wall to protect the group as they moved towards the enemy.

What was Greek’s strategy in the sea

Warships were fast Using sails and multiple decks of rowers, Greek ships aimed the front of their ships, equipped with ram-rods, into the sides of their enemies.

Trireme

Most powerful ship of the Greeks. It had three decks of rowers, a metal covered ramrod, and armed soldiers on the top deck to board enemy ships.

Greek religion was…

Anthropomorphic (human like), gods behaved like humans and looked like them

How did they honor their gods

Sacrifices were main ways to pray to gods, and to receive answers to questions. Oracles (fortune telling priestesses) were approached with gifts/sacrifices.

How did Greek’s see the world

Everything could be understood with Logic and Reasoning

Pythagoras

Greek mathematician, created Pythagorean theorem, everything can be explained with math

Hippocrates

Greek physician the “Father of Medicine” and viewed health as science not religion

Hippocratic oath

Made by Hippocrates: Respect the scientific gains and share knowledge to others, help the sick and don’t risk their lives, sympathy in medicine

What was teachers goals in ancient Greece

to teach only professionals

3 philosophers in Greece interested in how to think and learn

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Socrates

Creates the Socratic Method; question everything & defend your position/idea against more questions.

Plato

Wrote “The Republic”; he describes the perfect government & society; he did not trust the average person or having too much freedom; only the most educated people should be in charge (no democracy); philosopher-kings

Aristotle

Wrote books on many subjects; politics, arts, and sciences.  He stressed that we must use our senses (observe) to understand the world – an early version of the Scientific Method. He also stressed moderation in all things

What did Athens stress the citizens to know

Read and write and know the skill of Rhetoric

Rhetoric

Art of speaking – it’s the skill of convincing people of your point of view or position.

3 ways to argue

Logos, ethos, pathos

Meaning of all of them

Logos - uses logic, makes people think

Ethos - Uses ethics, ideas of right and wrong, makes people judge

Pathos - uses emotions, makes people feel

Much knowledge of Greeks came from two people:

Herodotus and Thucydides

Herodotus

Traveled much of the known world, recording stories & culture, info is exaggerated (not fact checking).The Seven Wonders of the World came from his travels & stories.

Thucydides

More careful, believed that why things happened in the past can guide the current and future people to make better decisions

Sparta. What kind of Society? What did the males do? What did the females do? What did they not pay attention to?

Militaristic society; land owning citizens who had slaves (helots) do their work. All males were trained from childhood to be soldiers. Girls were raised to defend the homeland while soldiers were away, and to bear more soldiers for Sparta. Little value was placed on artistic efforts & skills, philosophy or   education beyond the basics.

What did Sparta fear in their civilization

Outnumbered by their slaves, there was constant fear of a slave revolt, which led to more militarization. 

Athens

City-state of Greece. Wealthy and focused more on the arts & knowledge.

What kind of government did the Athens have

Direct democracy where free men had a duty to participate in meetings and vote

What happened if a citizen didn’t participate

him and his family would be ostracized

Ostracized

kicked out of the city for 2 years

How long did the Peloponnesian war last? Who was it against?

Sparta vs. Athens for 30 years the Spartans finally won

Persia vs. Greeks who won

Persia took over lots of cities but in the end Greeks won because of Athens