water and functional groups (week 2 bio)

efficient solvent

polar molecules easily dissolve in water; covalent bonds remain intact

electrostatic interactions in hydrogen bonds

partial charges that interact with H2O molecule

why is water hydrophilic

polar (partial charges lead to hydrogen bonding)

non polar in water

will not dissolve (no partial charges and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water)

result of nonpolar in water after not dissolving

non polar molecules get isolated to maximize network within water (exclusion forces)

what forces holds non polar in aqueous solution

van Der Waals interactions

characteristics of water

efficient solvent, adhesion

Why is surface tension between water strong

all water molecules are hydrogen bonded strong network

acid (lower pH)

higher concentration of hydrogen protons

bases (higher pH)

lower concentration of hydrogen protons

functional groups

chemical additions that can affect the biochemistry of a molecule (known biocharacteristics)

how are functional groups bound to molecules

covalent bonds

how are functional groups classified

solubility/polarity and charge

non polar functional groups characteristics

hydrophobic, any group rich in c/h or made of all c,s , and h

non polar functional groups

methyl, phenyl, sulfhydryl

uncharged polar/ neutral characteristics

hydrophilic, partial charges that initiate hydrogen bonding with other polar functional groups

uncharged polar/neutral functional groups

hydroxyl, carbonyl, amide

acidic functional groups

carboxyl, phosphate

basic functional groups

amine

acids and bases in functional groups