crime patterns and analysis

What are the victimisation demographic factors?

• gender identity

  28% transgender individuals experience crime - 14% cis individuals

• Ethnicity - 13% white, 15% Asian, 20% mixed experience crime

• Age - 18% younger people and 5% older people experience crime

• Sexual orientation - queer individuals experience 21% crime

Burglary CSEW and police reported data

Police: 268,595 domestic, 272,060 commercial

BSC (now CSEW): 659,000 domestic

• Gaming a securoty system leads to most notable fall in risk of victimisation

• Wish increased for younger household, unemployed, high disorder area, recent arrival to area and living in a flat.

Vehicle offences recorded

• Police recorded: 494,978 offences, 339,140 theft from vehicle

• BSC: 1,229,000 offences, 850,000 from vehicle

• Wish increased for younger households, richer households, household with 3+ cars and an area higher rates of anti-social behaviour

Theft from person recorded

• Police recorded: 92,271 offences

• CSEW: 525,000

• Wish increased for younger people, particulate women and students

Vandalism rates

• Police recorded: 806, 720 domestic and non-domestic 336,726 vehicle

• CSEW: 2,769,000 domestic and 1,843,000 vehicle

• Wish increased for living in a physically deprived area, high physical disorder and living in terraced accommodation

Violence reports

• Intentionally stabbed, punched, kicked, pushed, jostled etc (irrespective of injury). Also includes robbery or theft where force or threat is used

• Police recorded: 401,743 violence with injury, 482,836 no injury

• CSEW: 2,087,000 violence, 1,065,000 no injury

• Wish increased for younger people men (13.3%) and women (4.3%). 44% of violence against men is stranger violence, 24% against women, 30% of violence against women is domestic, 6% against men.

• 19% violent crime involves a weapon

Why is there a fear of crime?

• Under new labour fear of crime gained prominence and there were drives to reduce fear - neighbourhoods policing

• Increasingly fear of crime is seems as separate from actual crime

• Fear is an umbrella concept and we can think about feeling unsafe, anxious, worried, panic, risk, insecurity, anger.

Who are fearful in society?

• women - irrational as hurt risk than men

• Age - less worry about specific crime

What are explanations of fear of crime

Perception of vulnerability - physical, social, situational

Victimisation experience - direct or indirect

Media consumption

Neighbourhood context - incivilities -signs of crime- social disorganisation, and crime rates.

What are the models to explain fear of crime?

• high disorder model

• Broken window theory

• Victimisation model

• Vulnerability model

• Social integration model

What is high disorder model?

fear of crime is a product of environmental cues, such as physical or social disorder in daily life or community settings that may suggest the possibility of criminal activity

What is broken window theory?

uncivil or deviant behaviours in the living environment, especially within communities, can influence the occurrence of criminal behaviour through socio-psychological mechanism.

What is the victimisation model?

individuals who have experiences victimisation tend to exhibit higher levels of fear of crime compared to those without such experiences

What is the vulnerability model?

individuals who recognise their physical, mental, and social vulnerabilities, which prevent them from keeping themselves away from criminal undergarments, tend to exhibit higher levels of crime

What is social integration model?

• negative relationship between social integration and fear of crime