Civil Rights, Voting Rights, and Exam Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering civil rights, voting rights history, constitutional provisions, court cases, and upcoming exam details based on lecture notes.

Seneca Falls Convention

An 1848 historical event in New York where the declaration of sentiments was adopted, demanding political rights for women, especially the right to vote.

Declaration of Sentiments

A document adopted at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention demanding meaningful political rights for women, especially including the right to vote.

1875 Minor Supreme Court Case

A unanimous 9 to 0 Supreme Court ruling establishing that although women are citizens under the Constitution, citizenship does not automatically confer a right to vote.

Fifteenth Amendment

The third post-Civil War Reconstruction amendment prohibiting the denial or abridgment of voting rights on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude for men over age 21.

Nineteenth Amendment

Constitutional amendment extending suffrage to women by establishing that the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex.

Twenty-Fourth Amendment

Constitutional amendment that prohibits states from requiring poll taxes for federal elections.

Twenty-Sixth Amendment

Constitutional amendment that lowered the voting age from 21 to 18, prompted by arguments during the Vietnam War.

Fourteenth Amendment, Section 2

Constitutional provision that gives states justification to impose voting restrictions for participation in rebellion or other crimes.

Richardson v. Ramirez (1972)

Supreme Court case ruling that California's permanent ban on felon voting did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment equal protection clause due to explicit exceptions for crime in Section 2.

Article 1 of the Constitution

The constitutional article that sets up Congress.

Article 2 of the Constitution

The constitutional article that sets up the executive branch.

Article 3 of the Constitution

The constitutional article dealing with the judicial branch.

Fourth Amendment

Constitutional amendment in the Bill of Rights dealing with searches, seizures, and privacy.

Selective Incorporation

The process through which protections in the Bill of Rights were applied to state governments using the Fourteenth Amendment.

Brown v. Board of Education

Landmark Supreme Court case ruling that 'separate but equal' public schools are prohibited, requiring public school integration.

Libel and Slander

Two essentially identical forms of defamation, distinguished by libel being written and slander being spoken.

Speech Plus

Symbolic and expressive conduct combining speech with physical actions, such as petitioning, assembling, and protesting.

Exam Short Answer Section

Four questions worth 10 points each (40% of the exam grade), answered via one in-depth 3 or 4 sentence paragraph.

Exam Multiple Choice Section

Fifteen questions comprising 60% of the total exam grade.

Makeup Exam Policy

Course policy prohibiting post-exam makeups immediately after missed tests, instead providing one replacement opportunity on the last day of classes (December second, Wednesday).