Unit 2 Study Guide - Immigration, Urbanization, and Westward Expansion

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Unit 2 Study Guide covering key terms related to immigration, urbanization, industrialization, and westward expansion.

Mechanized Farming

Using machines instead of hand labor, making farming faster but putting small farmers out of work

Urban

Cities

Rural

Countryside

Pull Factors

Reasons to enter a country or move to a country like freedom or jobs or religion

Push Factors

Wars and conflict that make people not wanna come to your country

Bessemer Process

A cheap quick method to mass-produce strong steel (Andrew Carnegie=steel)

Factors of Production

Land, Labor, Capital, and Entrepreneurship

Corporations

A legal entity separate from its owners that can raise capital, pool resources, and limit personal financial responsibility.

Robber Barons

Men who became rich through ruthless and unscrupulous methods

Captains of Industry

Term used to describe wealthy businessmen who made a positive impact on society through contributions and philanthropy

Monopoly

Total control of an industry by one person/one company, illegal due to elimination of competition.

Transcontinental Railroad

A railway line connecting eastern and western coasts of the u.s. Speeding up settlement and trade (Cornelius Vanderbilt=railroad)

Populist Party (Their Platform)

The People's Party that made government owned railroads, and worked on labor issues even though their party dissolved, they still left a legacy. (The amendments that were passed later were part of the populist platform.)

Angel Island

Western coast (asian immigrants)

Ellis Island

East coast immigration checkpoint (european)

Old Immigration

Came mostly from Northern and Western Europe that mostly spoke English.

New Immigration

southern/eastern Europe, unskilled, illiterate, poor, not as accepted into society There were Orthodox Christians, Roman Catholics, and Jews

Nativism

Discriminate against immigrant ,favor for native born Americans, anti-immigrant

Immigration Act of 1924

Set quota on the number of people who could immigrate from certain country, and it created decline in number of immigrants

Social Darwinism

Natural selection/survival of the fittest.

Laissez-Faire

In an open market, the government has no control on how commerce is sold or made, hands off approach.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation during the 1830s of approx. 100,000 Indigenous people from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern US to designated Indian territory west of the Mississippi River.

Assimilation

A process where a minority group adopts the culture, language, and customs, of the dominant group (Forced on Native Americans)

Osage Nation

one of the richest tribes/people after the US gave them rights to land with a lot of oil fills, led to a lot of mistreatment and death.

Reservation System

Forced relocation of Native American nations to the west leading to thousands of deaths

Dawes Act

Authorized the federal government to break up communal Native American reservation lands into individual private pilots.

Ghost Dance

Resistance to white expansion and assimilation, late 19th century movement aimed at restoring traditional Native American ways.

Manifest Destiny

19th century belief that the US was divinely ordained to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Railroad

John D. Rockefeller

Oil

Andrew Carnegie

Steel

JP Morgan

Banking