PSYC 4430 Diagnostic Review: Anxiety, Trauma, Dissociative, and Mood Disorders

Vocabulary flashcards covering diagnostic criteria, symptom thresholds, durations, and exclusions for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, trauma-related, dissociative, and mood disorders from PSYC 4430.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Excessive worry across several life areas, occurring more days than not for $\ge 6\text{ months}$, with difficulty controlling it, accompanied by $\ge 3$ of 6 associated symptoms (restlessness, fatigue, concentration difficulty, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance; only 1 symptom required in children) causing distress or impairment.

Social anxiety disorder

Marked fear of situations involving scrutiny, arising from concerns that one's behavior or visible anxiety may lead to negative evaluation, typically persisting for $\ge 6\text{ months}$ and leading to active avoidance or endurance with intense fear.

Performance-only specifier

A specifier in social anxiety disorder applied when the marked fear of scrutiny is strictly restricted to public speaking or performing.

Specific phobia

Marked, disproportionate fear of a circumscribed object or situation that almost always elicits immediate anxiety, is actively avoided or endured with intense fear, and typically persists for $\ge 6\text{ months}$.

Separation anxiety disorder

Developmentally excessive fear concerning separation from attachment figures, requiring $\ge 3$ of 8 specified symptoms, persisting for $\ge 4\text{ weeks}$ in youth and typically $\ge 6\text{ months}$ in adults.

Panic attack

An abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort peaking within minutes, featuring $\ge 4$ of 13 somatic and cognitive symptoms; an episode that occurs across diagnoses rather than a standalone mental disorder.

Panic disorder

A disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, with at least one attack followed by $\ge 1\text{ month}$ of persistent concern about additional attacks or their consequences, significant maladaptive behavior change, or both.

Agoraphobia

Marked, disproportionate fear in $\ge 2$ of 5 specific situations (public transport, open spaces, enclosed places, lines/crowds, being outside home alone) driven by fear of difficult escape or unavailable help if panic-like or incapacitating/embarrassing symptoms occur, typically persisting for $\ge 6\text{ months}$.

Obsessions

Recurrent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause marked anxiety or distress, which the individual attempts to suppress, ignore, or neutralize with some other thought or action.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental rituals driven by an obsession or rigid rule, aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety/distress, but excessive or not realistically connected to the feared outcome.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both, that are time-consuming (e.g., $> 1\text{ hour/day}$) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others, accompanied at some point by repetitive appearance-related behaviors or mental acts.

Hoarding disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions regardless of value, resulting from a perceived need to save them and distress associated with discarding, which substantially congests active living spaces.

Trichotillomania

Hair-pulling disorder characterized by recurrent pulling out of one's hair resulting in hair loss, alongside repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behavior, causing clinically significant distress or impairment.

Excoriation disorder

Skin-picking disorder characterized by recurrent picking of one's skin resulting in skin lesions, accompanied by repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behavior, causing clinically significant distress or impairment.

Qualifying trauma

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence through direct exposure, witnessing in person, learning of it happening to a close relative/friend (must be violent or accidental), or repeated/extreme work-related exposure to aversive details.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A trauma-related disorder persisting for $> 1\text{ month}$ following a qualifying trauma, requiring $\ge 1$ intrusion symptom, $\ge 1$ avoidance symptom, $\ge 2$ negative alterations in cognition/mood, and $\ge 2$ alterations in arousal/reactivity.

Delayed expression specifier

A specifier for PTSD applied when full diagnostic criteria are not met until $\ge 6\text{ months}$ after the traumatic event.

Acute stress disorder (ASD)

A trauma-related disorder lasting from $3\text{ days}$ to $1\text{ month}$ following a qualifying trauma, requiring $\ge 9$ of 14 symptoms from across intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal symptom groups.

Dissociative amnesia

An inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting and causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Dissociative fugue

A specifier of dissociative amnesia characterized by apparently purposeful travel or bewildered wandering that is associated with amnesia for identity or other important autobiographical information.

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A disruption of identity characterized by $\ge 2$ distinct personality states, involving marked discontinuity in sense of self and agency, along with recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, personal information, or trauma.

Depersonalization

Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions.

Derealization

Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings, such that individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, or distant.

Depersonalization / derealization disorder

A disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both, during which reality testing remains intact.

Major depressive episode (MDE)

A period lasting $\ge 2\text{ weeks}$ with $\ge 5$ of 9 depressive symptoms representing a change from baseline, where at least one of the symptoms is depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure.

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

A depressive disorder defined by the occurrence of at least one major depressive episode without any lifetime history of manic or hypomanic episodes not attributable to substances or medical conditions.

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

Depressed mood present for most of the day, more days than not, for $\ge 2\text{ years}$ in adults ($\ge 1\text{ year}$ in youth), accompanied by $\ge 2$ of 6 associated symptoms without a symptom gap exceeding $2\text{ months}$.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

A cyclical mood disorder where $\ge 5$ symptoms (including at least 1 core affective symptom) emerge in the final week before menses, improve within a few days of onset, and become minimal or absent post-menses in most cycles, confirmed prospectively across $\ge 2$ symptomatic cycles.

Manic episode

A distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy/activity lasting $\ge 1\text{ week}$ (or any duration if hospitalization is required), resulting in marked impairment, hospitalization, or psychotic features.

Hypomanic episode

A distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy/activity lasting $\ge 4\text{ consecutive days}$, observable as an uncharacteristic change in functioning, without marked impairment, hospitalization, or psychotic features.

Bipolar I disorder

A mood disorder characterized by the lifetime occurrence of at least one manic episode; hypomanic and major depressive episodes may occur but are not required for diagnosis.

Bipolar II disorder

A mood disorder requiring the lifetime occurrence of at least one hypomanic episode AND at least one major depressive episode, with no lifetime history of a manic episode.

Cyclothymic disorder

A chronic condition lasting $\ge 2\text{ years}$ in adults ($\ge 1\text{ year}$ in youth) with numerous periods of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms and subthreshold depressive symptoms present for at least half the time, without meeting full criteria for an MDE, mania, or hypomania.

Rapid cycling

A course specifier for bipolar disorder characterized by $\ge 4$ qualifying mood episodes occurring within a $12\text{-month}$ period, separated by $\ge 2\text{ months}$ of partial/full remission or a polarity switch.

Mixed features

A specifier indicating the presence of specified opposite-pole depressive or elevated symptoms co-occurring during a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode.