Tuberculosis (TB) Overview, Symptoms, and Management

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the definition, modes of transmission, risk factors, symptoms, medical treatment, and nutritional management of Tuberculosis (TB).

Tuberculosis (TB)

An infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body like the kidneys, spine, and brain.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The bacterial pathogen responsible for causing tuberculosis (TB).

Active and Latent TB

The two clinical classifications of tuberculosis infection.

Airborne Transmission of TB

The spread of TB through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or talks.

Persistent Cough

A primary symptom of TB defined by a cough lasting more than $2$ weeks.

TB Risk Factors

Conditions that make individuals more susceptible to TB, including a weak immune system (such as HIV/AIDS), poor nutrition, living in crowded or poorly ventilated areas, and having close contact with an infected individual.

Drug-Resistant TB

A strain of tuberculosis that develops if a patient fails to complete the full course of antibiotic medicine over at least $6$ months.

Medical Management of TB

Treatment that requires taking antibiotics for a period of at least $6$ months, completing the entire regimen, and attending regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider.

Protein (TB Nutrition)

A nutrient found in foods like meat, eggs, beans, and milk that helps repair body tissues during recovery.

Fruits and Vegetables (TB Nutrition)

Nutritional items that supply essential vitamins and minerals, specifically Vitamin C, Vitamin A, and zinc, to boost the immune system.

Whole Grains (TB Nutrition)

Foods such as brown bread, maize meal, and oats that provide energy to support the body.

Healthy Fats

Fats derived from sources like avocado, nuts, and sunflower oil that help keep the body strong.

Dairy Portion Recommendation

The recommended daily intake of $2 - 3$ portions of dairy to supply necessary Vitamin D and Calcium.

Iron-Rich Foods

A dietary requirement for TB patients necessary to counter anemia caused by the disease.

Ventilation

An environmental rest and hygiene measure involving proper airflow at home and in public spaces to prevent TB transmission.

Small, Frequent Meals

A dietary strategy recommended for TB patients to consume throughout the day, even when experiencing a loss of appetite.