Ch 9/10 — Vocab

bond energy

the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms

delocalized electrons

electrons that are free to move in metals

diamagnetism

a type of magnetism, associated with paired electrons, that causes a substance to be repelled from the inducing magnetic field

dipole movement

a property of a molecule whose charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge

electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

formal charge

# of valence electrons - ( # dots + # lines)

hyrbid orbitals

orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom

ionic bond

a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

lattice energy

the energy required to separate 1 mol of the ions of an ionic compound

nonpolar covalent bond

a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms

paramagnetism

a type of induced magnetism, associated with unpaired electrons, that causes a substance to be attracted into the inducing magnetic field

pi bonds

forms when parallel orbitals overlap and share electrons

polar covalent bond

unequal sharing of electrons

resonance

the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure

sigma bonds

a single covalent bond that is formed when an electron pair is shared by the direct overlap of bonding orbitals

VSPER

valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory; because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible