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Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCAs)

Agents that add acoustic scatterers to the bloodstream, enhancing Doppler flow signals.

Mechanical Index (MI)

A parameter that uses low acoustic output power to prevent microbubble destruction.

Intermittent Imaging

A feature that reduces microbubble destruction by pulsing acoustic power.

Nontarget-Specific UCAs

Contrast agents that remain within the blood pool without targeting specific tissues.

Tissue-Specific UCAs

Agents that leave the blood pool and are taken up by specific tissues, also known as molecular-imaging agents.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

A type of liver cancer that displays intense enhancement in the early arterial phase of CES.

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH)

A benign liver condition demonstrating similar early appearance to HCC in CES.

Cirrhosis Flow Dynamics

Characterized by reduced portal venous flow and increased hepatic artery flow.

Primary Indication for Interventional Sonography

Confirmation of malignancy within a mass, with the liver being the most commonly biopsied organ.

Contraindications for Biopsy

Conditions such as uncorrectable bleeding disorders or lack of a safe needle path that prevent biopsy.

Sonographic Appearance of Needle Tip

The needle tip appears as an echogenic dot during real-time tracking or with small saline injections.

Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)

A procedure using needles (20–25 gauge) to obtain samples for analysis.

Postbiopsy Complications

Including pain, hematoma, hemorrhage, infection, and vasovagal reactions.

Acute Cholecystitis

A condition commonly caused by gallstone obstruction, identified by specific ultrasound findings.

Aortic Dissection

An emergency condition mainly occurring in the ascending aorta, associated with severe chest pain.

Testicular Torsion

A result of abnormal testicular mobility within the scrotum, with early echogenicity appearing normal.

FAST Scan Protocol

A focused assessment with sonography in trauma evaluating various abdominal spaces.

Fluid Accumulation in Trauma

Intraperitoneal fluid often indicates hemoperitoneum, commonly found in Morison's pouch post-trauma.