Health Promotion Chapter 1

Development

The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continue through the human life span until death.

Traditional Approach to Development

Extensive change from birth to adolescence, little to no change in adulthood and decline in old age.

Life Span Approach to Development

Developmental change throughout childhood and adulthood

Life Span

The maximum length of life based on the oldest age documented

Life Expectancy

The average number of years that a person can expect to live

Growth

A quantifiable change in structure that occurs throughout life

Cephalocaudal Pattern

Developmental growth pattern proceeding from head to toe

Proximodistal Pattern

Development moves from the torso and trunk out toward the arms, legs, hands, and feet

Differentiation

Developmental progression from simple to complex, or general to specific

Chronological Age

The number of years an individual has been alive

Biological Age

Age measured in terms of an individuals overall physical health

Psychological Age

An individuals adaptive capacities compared to others of the same chronological age

Social Age

Connectedness with others and social roles adopted within society

Biological Processes

Changes in an individuals physical nature

Cognitive Processes

Changes in an individuals thought, intelligence, and language

Socioemotional Processes

Changes in relationships with other people, emotions, and personality

Epidemiology

The study of health and disease from a societal perspective

Wellness-Illness Continuum

Model that views health as a dynamic spectrum rather than a state of being either sick or healthy

Developmental Paradigm

Viewing health as an outcome of the interaction between an expanding person and their complex, interconnected environment.

Social Ecological Model of Health

A framework that explains how health behaviors and outcomes are influenced by a combination of individual, social, and environmental factors

Disease

A failure of adaptive mechanisms that results in functions or structural disturbances

Illness

The subjective experience of an individual and the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social manifestations of disease

Primordial Prevention

Action taken to prevent the development of risk factors in a population before they ever appear

Primary Prevention

Stopping a disease, injury, or health problem before it ever starts

Secondary Prevention

Focusing on early detection like screenings and tests to get early diagnosis

Tertiary Prevention

Focuses on restoration and recovery after disease to minimize long term complication and restore function

Pre-Contemplative

Not considering behavioral change

Contemplative

Aware of the need for change, but not actively planning it soon

Preparation

Planning to make a behavioral change soon

Action

Has recently begun making active behavioral changes

Maintenance

Continued long term commitment to the new behavior

Relapse

Reverting back to previous habits or behaviors

Advocate

Directly assists individuals to obtain needed services

Care Manager

Coordinates care and helps individuals obtain needed healthcare

Care Manager

Coordinates care and helps individuals obtain needed healthcare

Consultant

Provides specialized knowledge and skills

Deliverer of Services

Provides direct patient care

Educator

Promotes health literacy and patient learning

Healer

Helps individuals integrate and balance physical, mental, and emotional health

Researcher

Utilizes evidence based practice to apply research findings to clinical decisions

Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

Searching for the best research evidence to answer clinical questions and guide practice decisions

Health in All Policies

A collaborative strategy that considers the health impacts of policy decisions on whole communities