Exam 2- Assessment Tools and How to Select them

5 Purposes of Assessment Tools

1. Diagnostic

2. Descriptive

3. Comparative

4. Predictive

5. Conclusive

Diagnostic

help you place a label

Descriptive

describe factors, why is this person having trouble with a certain occupation

Comparative

establish change in performance

Predictive

provide guidance for future planning (Ex. KELS)

Conclusive

determine outcomes from intervention (Ex. COPM)

Standardized Assessment Tools

come w/ standard administration/instructions & have been studied, use normative data to establish the instructions

3 Types of Standardized Assessment Tools

1. Normative

2. Criterion-Referenced

3. Ipsative

Non-standardized Assessment Tools

no standardized administration, no particular scoring methods

Types of Non-Standardized Assessment Tools

Observation. based assessments, Interviews, performance based assessments, questionnaires

What is different about standardized and non-standardized assessment tools?

Non-standardized assessment tools CAN ALSO be considered standardized. However, standardized assessment tools CAN NOT be considered non-standardized.

Normative

comparing the client against a normed-population

Ex. TFLS

- Sample may be population based or disability based

Criterion-Referenced

compare data from person to a criteria of performance; reflect mastery

Ex. KELS

Ipsative

Compare person back to themselves w/ standardized procedures for consistent selection of info

Ex. COPM

Observation

clinical observation, observe impact of environment and simultaneous interaction of client factors, performance skills and patterns, accuracy dependent on therapists observation skills, time consuming

Ex. RTI: observing a person making a sandwich

Interview-Based

can be structured, semi-structured, or open-ended, rapport impacts amount and accuracy of reports

Ex. Occupational Performance History Interview II, COPM

Performance-Based

client doing a task and identifying factors, often lack environment/context, really looking at performance skills for client

Ex. tossing a ball and identifying factors

Ex. TFLS

Questionnaire

quick and convenient, low cost, accuracy varies according to self report, primary focus on client factors, performance skills or participation

Ex. strength, fine motor, etc.

Ex. Sensory Profile-2

When do you use standardized?

Allows you to justify for services, it holds up when you need to back up your thoughts

When do you use non-standardized?

gives you more understanding of performance vs capactiy

Capacity

what someone can do under the best circumstances

Performance

More in the moment

What should we know about performance and capacity together?

Both are important and selection should be following the theory or model

10 Steps to select a tool

1. Type of tool

2. Purpose

3. FOR/Theory

4. Population

5. Environmental Protocols

6. Necessary materials

7. User Qualification

8. Administration Protocols

9. Scoring protocol and outcomes

10. Psychometric Properties (validity and reliability)

Ethics

Copyright, make sure you are qualified, minimize "homegrown" or DIY assessments, use standardized

Capacity