Biochemistry Viological Molecules

Carbohydrates (monosaccharides)

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

How to Identify Carbohydrates

121 ratio (C6 H12 O6) (Glucose, Galactose, Fructose)

What is the role of Carbohydrates in your body?

They provide the 2nd most Atp Energy storage like Glycogen think CC (Mr. Bremer) and Glucose

What is the role of Lipids in the body (Fats)

Stores energy, Barriers for membrane, Insulation, Hormones, provides the most energy out of Proteins, carbs, nucleic acids and fats Hormones- testostorone and estrogen (more structures

What so Proteins do? What is their function?

Help build microtears in muscles (Build muscles). Help build other proteins (Think Bio in 10 grade) Chemical reaction, Hormones - Proteins tell your body when to release something like histamine (IgE) (Related to your environment)

What do Nucleic acids do?

Carry genetic information DNA, RNA (DNA REPLICATION)

How to Identify Lipids

The long tails of CH3 bonds (Fatty Acid) and the head which is the phosphate group

How to Identify Proteins/ Amino acids

You can Identify it by the 2 hydrogens bonded to the Nitrogen (center atom) then the Carbon coming off the Nitrogen then binding to a 2nd carbon (Amine group) carboxylic acid group and Variable R side chain (changes between Alanine and cysteine)

How to Identify Nucleic acids

Phospahte group and Nitrogen base and sugar

When you combine Monomers what does it create? (product)

Water and obviously the 2 combined monomers

Monomers produced by Carbs

Glucose Galactose and Fructose

Monomers produced by Lipids

Fatty acids (tail) then Glycerol from the reaction

Monomers produced by Proteins

Alanine, cysteine

What is the reactant in when the Monomers are combined

Hydroxide (OH)

What is it called when you combine 1 or more amino Acids?

Dipeptide, Tripeptide etc. and water is a product and OH is the reactant

What happens when you add a Fatty acid to a Monoglyceride REMEMBER YOU CANNOT ADD GLYCERIDE What are the products and reactants of this reaction

DiGlyceride with a reactant (Diglyceride and H2O) Reactant is the OH

Why is OH the reactant

Because the Oxygen is extremely electronegative and wants electrons making it take electrons from the carbons of the Monomers and combine them

Glycosidic bonds

Bonds between Carbohydrate monomers Glucose Fructose and galactose

Peptide bonds

Are bonds between amino Acids when they are creating a diPEPTIDE

Ester bonds

When Fatty acids bond to Glycerol they make an Easter bond