developmental stages (mulligan)

Play behaviors ages 0-3months

- engages in exploratory and sensorimotor play

- attentive play for short periods (10-15mins)

- caregivers can elicit social smile at 3 mo

Play behaviors ages 4-8months

- primarily engages in exploratory and sensorimotor play

- able to reach, grasp, hold, shake, transfer objects between hands

- poor release of objects

- pivots and plays in seated position

- scoots on tummy

- begins simple social play (peak-a-boo)

Play behaviors ages 9-12months

- begins using toys according to their purpose (ex. hammers with hammer)

- more hand manipulation (ex. stacks blocks)

- crawls/walks

- briefly interacts with other toddlers

- gross and fine motor play (insert puzzles or push toys)

- pretend play may begin (ex. dolls or pretend food)

- simple social play continues

Play behaviors ages 1-2 years

- gross motor play (ex. chasing/climbing)

- fine motor (ex. sorting/stacking/pulling apart)

- social play emerges

- may be possessive, parallel play tendencies

- enjoys picture books, playdough/large crayons for scribbling

Play behaviors ages 2-3years

- increased use of language

- engage more in symbolic and pretend play

- shift from parallel play to interactive

- gross motor (ex. jumping with both feet clearing the ground)

- fine motor (ex., scribbling)

Play behaviors ages 3-5years

- engages in creative and group play

- associative play dominates by 4yrs

- gross motor (proficient in playground equipment and participates in more structured recreational play such as sports)

- fine motor (copying basic shapes and some letters, scissor use and crafts)

Play behaviors ages 5-7years

- able to play games with rules

- becomes more involved in organized sports and recreation

- preference for certain play is developed

- enjoys social interaction with understanding of competition and cooperation

-sedentary play may increase (ex. TV, video games)

Play behaviors ages 7-11years

- further development of leisure/play interests

- friends spent with friends increases dramatically

Play behaviors ages 12-18years

- further development of leisure/play interests

- prefer spending time with peers

toileting ages 1-2years

- indicates when soiled or wet

- tolerates diaper changes

- has fairly regular BMs

toileting ages 2-3 years

- develops daytime control with few accidents

- needs help with wiping and managing clothing

- needs reminders and nighttime diapers

toileting 4-5 years

- daytime and nighttime control

- independent except may need help with wiping and clothing fasteners

toileting 5-6 years

fully independent