DH110 Chapter 1 and 2 Test Questions

True or False: The cell may contain more than one nucleolus.

True

Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?

Ribosomes

True or False: The information in mRNA in translated by ribosomes located on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

True

Post translational modifications to proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum are accomplished by _______________.

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria produce which chemical for intracellular energy?

ATP

Which organelle produces microtubules?

Centrioles

Which chemical is called the second messenger?

cAMP

True or False: Sex cells divide in half.

True

True or False: DNA replication takes place during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

False (DNA replication occurs in S phase)

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial resting stage?

G1 phase

True or False: Spindles present during mitosis are attached to centrioles.

True

Developmental abnormalities are not associated with which number of chromosomes?

46 chromosomes

True or False: The ovum contains twice as many chromosomes as its parent cell.

False (ovum is haploid: 23 chromosomes)

True or False: Tissues are most susceptible to teratogens during the proliferative period.

False (highest susceptibility is during the embryonic period)

True or False: Fertilization takes place in the distal part of the uterine tube.

True

The ___________ provides an ideal environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo.

Uterus

Each of the following is a derivative of ectoderm, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Tooth dentin

Each tissue originates from mesoderm, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Liver

True or False: Melanocytes are responsible for skin pigment.

True

What represents the first change in shape of the embryo's body from a flat sheet of cells?

The neural folds that appear at the 3rd prenatal week.

What kind of tissue should you think of when you hear mesenchymal cells?

Connective tissue

Blood cells arise from cells called ____________.

Angioblasts

Which best describes diapedesis?

The migration of leukocytes between endothelial cells to the site of infection.

T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages are produced in the ________________.

Bone marrow

Which type of bone formation occurs through a tight matrix of collagen fibers, which slowly calcify into bone?

Intramembranous ossification

True of False: The embryonic skeleton first forms as bone.

False (first forms as cartilage)

Myotome produces which of the following types of tissue?

Muscle

True or False: Smooth muscle is consciously controlled.

False

True or False: The cardiovascular system originates from chondroblasts.

False

True or False: Before the development of the vascular system, the vitelline system provides nutrients to the embryo.

True

True or False: The umbilical system carries oxygenated blood.

True

True or False: The foremen ovale closes during the third week of prenatal life.

False (it closes at birth)

Intercalated disks are present in which type of muscle?

Cardiac muscle

The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every _________ days.

4-6 days

Buccal mucosa renews itself in __________ days.

10-14 days

How does epithelial tissue renew itself?

Mitosis of the basal cells

Which term represents a single layer of cells?

Simple

Which epithelium consists of several layers, with only the basal cell layer in contact with the basal lamina?

Stratified

Which layer of epithelium is the deepest germinating layer?

Basal layer

Simple squamous epithelium functions as a lining in which location?

Kidney

Which cell supports the nervous system?

Neuroglia

Neuroglia cells are ______________ numerous than neurons.

Significantly more

Each is part of a neuron EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Plasma

Which of the following insulates axons located outside the CNS.

Myelin sheath

Connective tissue proper is classified as ____________________________.

Dense, loose, or loose with special properties

Ligaments and tendons are composed of which tissue?

Connective

Which of the following is NOT a type of cartilage?

Dense

True or False: Bone is calcified connective tissue.

True

True or False: Osteoporosis affects men at an earlier age than women.

False

Blood is an example of which of the following four primary types of tissue?

Connective

True or False: Blood provides protection from bacteria.

True

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth

Which organ system is the largest?

Integumentary

Which function is associated with the skin?

Excretes waster products

Which is true regarding the central nervous system (CNS)?

The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

All body sensations are relayed to the _________ and the __________.

Brain; spinal chord

The spinal chord consists of how many segments?

31

Impulses conducted from the periphery of the body to the CNS are conducted through which system?

Afferent

Impulses pass from the CNS to involuntary muscles via the __________ system.

Autonomic

Internal organs (viscera) receive most of their neural impulses from which nervous system?

Autonomic

The absorption of nutrients occurs in which location?

Large intestine (per this textbook)

Each of the following is a function of the large intestine EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Reduce food to liquid chyme

Blood returns to the heart through ___________.

Veins

Which organ is part of the lymphatic system?

Thymus

Which organ system secretes and regulates hormones in the blood?

Endocrine

Which body system relies on neural stimuli to function?

Endocrine

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the urinary system?

Controls testosterone levels

True or False: Equilibrium is controlled by tiny organs, which are located in the middle ear.

True