Unit 2 MUSIC

including all terms from class

Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377)

french poet and composer first setting of the catholic mass by one composer (combined it all in Mass of Notre Dame)

council of trent

meetings of catholic leadership in 1545 to address protestant reformation (get rid of polyphony and back to gregorian chant)

Giovanni pierluigi de palestrine

italian composer, music director to catholic church, wrote pope marcellus mass wants to prove polyphony will work

george frederic handel

church musician in germany then travels world as composer of secular opera played a piece to impress king george I of england

oratorio

similar to opera but no costumes or backdrops - 1741 Handel writes the Messiah and tells the story of Jesus and was performed in a theatre so he could make $$

giuseppe verdi

composer for secular music of operas, verdi gives all drama to dies irae

mary lou williams

child prodigy at piano and was profesional at age 12, one of first women to be accepted as a jazz musician, she decides to work for herself mentor to new generation of jazz stars opens her apartment as halfway house for addicted jazz muisicans then returns to jazz

black christ of the andes

choral hymn yo honor st martin de porres

Mary Lous Mass

her sacred music

william billings

taught shape note notation

the sacred heart

hymnbook published in 1844 all protestant music sung in a cappella

amazing grace

text written by william walker was officer in slave trade but became abolitionist after praying he’d survive a storm

lowell mason

creates a hymnal claims it was written by handel but it was rlly written by him so people will buy it (stereotypical church music)

spirituals

came from slave community in south, were a plea for deliverance but also had message to them, transmitted orally

slave songs of the U.S 1867

first notation of spirituals

fisk jubilee singers

organized to raise funds for fisk uni. changed stereotypes from white performers in blackface at minstrel shows perfromed in BOS and at white house and queen victoria

antonin dvorak

czech composer comes to nyc gets impressed by harry burleigh

harry burleigh

work study, grandson of slave sang spiritual and cuaght dvorck attention

Thomas A dorsey

from south and originally a blues piano player had a religious moment and wrote around 1000 gospel songs father of gospel music

mahalia jackson

granddaughter of slaves moves to chicago and would sing dorsey songs to help sell them (only singing gospel music)gave concerts in support of mlk

Estampie

oldest form of dance where the music survived popular in 13th and 14th century

tielman susato

begins prinbting music in antwerp in 1543 the DANSERYE book of dance music in renaissance

Johannes Brahms

german composer and pianist based in vienna austria

academie royale de danse

founded by king louis xiv first dance school in western world

peter the great

brings european art including ballet to russia, 1776 founded the bolshoi ballet company in moscow

pytotr ilyich tchaikovsky

first russain composer to recieve worldwide acclaim wrote songs for ballet (swan lake, sleeping beauty, the nutcracker)

ballet russes

russain ballet company based in paris led by sergei diaghilev daring new styles igor stravinksy makes daring music pieces

rite of spring

chorgoraphy by vaslav nlijinsky piece by igor stravinsky very harsh riot broke out, the piece about agirl dancing to death

martha graham

create unqieu american style of dance )your on your feet not toes style based on contraction and release whole body

aaron copland and martha graham writes

appalachian spring

johann strauss II

considered the waltz king performed the waltz

benny goodman

grew up in poor neighborhood, swing music is born when he plays live on a radio broadcast, king of swing

Camille Saint-Saens

french composer child prodigy wrote symphony no 3 organ unusal for a pope organ in symphony

John Bannister

in 1672 he charges admission to listen to his music from his house(starts with him)

Joseph Hayden

from rural austria worked for Esterhazy family (who hired him to be their musicains, after his boss dies he makes his own, ftaher of symphony

patronage system

rich ppl hire personal musician

classical era

1750-1825, melody everything else is accompanying it, clear in 4 bar/8 bar phrase, theres 4 movements

ludwig van beethovan

german, makes a living as a freelance composer refused to write music for patrons had a lot of money because he charged for his music, loses hearing but still wrote music

romantic era

very dramatic and emotional 1810-1910, beethoven

program music

broke down musical forms, they told a story master of program music - richard strauss made tone poems

absolute music

it exists to be music, nothing else

tone poems

instrumental work that illustrates something non musical

bebop

new style of jazz that was very quick and hard to play you listened to it not danced to it

rubber soul

first album that wasnt a collection of songs but placed toegther for consideration as a whole huge infleunce in rock (proved rock music could be art not just party music)

grandmaster flash and the furious five

released song called the messgae was the first hip hop song about how hard life in the city could be showed rap is more than party music