THY UNIT2

Proximate

Immediately perform; human needs

Intermediate

• done to reach another end

Ultimate

What a person is trying to work for, never ending

Real good

Truly/objectively good

Natural end

Live according to one’s talents

Apparent Good

Appears good but intrinsically bad

Conditional good

Only good at certain circumstances (flowers)

Simple good

Perfect in themselves, one will benefit from it but others might not

Imperfect good

Satisfy both intellect and powers but need development

Shroud of Turin

Wrapped the body of Jesus; imprinted because of radiation

Actus Humani

• Human acts (pinagiisipan)

• Subject of ethics

Actus Hominis

• hindi pinagiisipan, done w/o control

Moral agent

Person who performs the action

Constituent

Component/Building blocks

Knowledge

• Knowing what the action is

• Necessary to form an action

• Deliberation & Discernment

Deliberation

• May evil

• Decision

Discernment

• between 2 goods

• Election

Who are exempted to knowledge

Mentally challenged person (they are indifferent; neither good nor bad)

Mental conditions that qualify as an exemption

1. Schizophrenia

2. Down syndrome

3. Dementia

4. Bipolarity/Manic Depression Disorder

5. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

6. Depression

Schizophrenia

• Lucid moments

• Hallucinations

• Punishment; isolation

Down syndrome

• Problem w/ chromosome 21

• Develop until 14 but mostly 7

• Hindi pinaparusahan

Dementia

• umbrella condition

• Punishment; yes, diminished

Conditions under Dementia

• Alzheimer’s

• Amnesia

• Memory lost

Alzheimers

Slow deterioration of memory

Amnesia

• Sudden lost of memory

• Yes, punishable

Short term memory lost

Remembers life in fragments

Bipolarity/ Manic Depressive Disorder

Extreme mood changes

Bp one & Bp two

BP 1

• Require psychological intervention

• Controllable

BP 2

• Clinical and needs psychiatric intervention

• Needs medication

• Swing of emotion

• Punishment: isolation

Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Multiple personalities

• Can evolve to become schizophrenia

• Punishable w/ diminished punishment

Kinds of Depression

1. Psychological

2. Clinical

Psychological Depression

• Normal, people feel they are sad

• 1-2weeks

Clinical Depression

• Cortisol is higher than dopamine

• Suicidal thoughts

Constituent/parts of Human Acts

1. Knowledge

2. Freedom

3. Voluntariness

Freedom

• power to choose between 2/more choices or courses of action

• Commanded by free will

• Can be diminished by external factors

Freedom according to the teachings of the church

• No such things as absolute freedom(doing what you want)

Genuine freedom (anything that agrees to one’s ethical principles)

Why does God not interfere with freedom

• No because he gave us freedom so we can make our own choices

“The more good we do, the freer we become” free from what?

1. Guilt

2. Consequences

3. Reparation (broken relationships)

4. Limited (nakulong k)

Voluntariness

Latin: Voluntas (will)

• Desire/intention to do something

• Quality; alam mo maganda tapos ginawa mo

• Willed & will act

Willed act

Pinagisipan, pinagdasal, ginawa

Will act

Ginawa tsaka pinagisipan

7 important steps to complete human acts

1. Volition

2. Intention

3. Deliberation

4. Consent

5. Choice

6. Command

7. Enjoyment

Volition

Ay gusto kang gawin

Intention

May naisip para maachive ang volition

Deliberation, Discernment

• Research para nalaman na ang action na to ang gusto mong gawin

• Kinoconvince ang sarili

Consent

• You are now convinced to do the action

Choice/election

• decided, doubts

Command

• utusan ang free will para gawin ang action

Enjoyment

• Ikaw lang natutuwa

Fruition

• lahat kayo masaya

Regret

• lahat kayo hindi masaya

modifiers of constituents

Can either lessen the weight of the action or make it greater

1. Ignorance

2. Passion & Concupiscence

3. Fear

4. Violence

5. Habits

Ignorance

Lack of knowledge

Innocence

• purity in knowledge

• You have a knowledge of something but you don’t use it to make bad decisions

States of ignorance

1. Voluntary

2. Accidental

Voluntary ignorance

• You have the opportunity to know but you don’t grab it

• On purpose

Accidental ignorance

Hindi ginusto na maging ignorant

Ignorance on Ethics

Lack of knowledge man has regarding their duty

Invincible ignorance

• no cure, cannot be overcome

• Ex: someone with disabilities like down syndrome

Vincible ignorance

• can be removed by ordinary efforts

1. Education

2. Training/workshops

3. Repetition

Modifiers of Constituent

1. Ignorance

2. Passion & concupiscence

Passio

to suffer

Concupiscence

• Effect of original sin (state of sin)

Feelings

expression of what happens inside us

1. Indifferent

2. Valued

3. Indicative

11 chief

1. Love

2. Hatred

3. Desire

4. Horror

5. Delight

6. Sadness

7. Hope

8. Despair

9. Bravery

10. Fear

11. Anger

Love-Despair-Delight

Tendency towards desirable good, force that pushes one to another-How to achieve Love-nakuha na ang love

Hatred-Horror

Aversion of something evil-turning away from said evil-

Sadness

Fruit of hatred & horror, something unfortunate comes

Hope

Reaching out towards a future good that is possible

Despair

Hoping for something impossible to attain

Bravery

Courage to attack an evil that is possible to conquer

Fear

Anguish/suffering from the thought that an evil is impossible to overcome

Anger

State of displeasure, desire to avenger (gumanti)

Morality of Passion

1. Anticident

2. Consequent

3. Crime of passion

Antecedent

Feelings that arise spontaneously

1. trigger

2. Bodily process

3. Spiritual condition

4. Bigla dumating

Consequent

• ginusto, ikaw gumawa to arouse the feeling in you

Crime of Passion

• Nagdilim ang paningin

• Overpower yung feeling

Reasons for fear

1. Trauma (past experiences, body remembers)

2. We don’t know what will happen in the future

3. We can’t control everything

4. Fear of inconvenience

5. Fear of oblivion (nothingness)

3 Fears to distinguish

1. Acts done with fear (overcoming fear)

2. Acts done through fear (under duress, action done because of a threatening evil)

3. Maybe acceptable/unacceptable based on the proximity of evil.

Holy Fear

• Based in respect, awe, and reverence (matino ka dahil sa kanya)

• Based on love

Violence

Compulsion, to apply a force on somebody in order for the person to do something

Kinds of violence

1. Torture

2. Verbal abuse (demean the esteem of a person)

3. Physical abuse

4. Sexual abuse

5. Domestic abuse

Sexual abuse

Sexually threaten someone in order to make them do something

Violence can force a person to do an action but can never force a person to will

kahit anong klase ng panankit ang gawin mo sa tao, pwede nyang gawin ang isang bagay pero hindi mo mapapagalaw ang kanilang kalooban

Habits

Constant things done acquired by repetition, considered as a 2nd nature to man

Goal: see whether one’s habits is moral or immoral.

3 sources of morality

1. Object

2. Motive

3. Circumstances

Object

• What is being studied, examined, judge

• Subject of moral act

Action

Intrinsically/objectively good/evil

Motive (substance)

• Purpose/intention for the sake of which something is done (why you did an action)

• Makes the action moral/immoral, ethical/unethical

Modifiers of intention

a) An indifferent act may become morally good or evil

b) An objectively good act may become morally evil

c) An objectively good act may receive more goodness

d) An objectively evil act will never become good in spite of the good motive.

Circumstances

Conditions modifying the human act

• WHO

• WHERE

• QHAT

• WHY

• WHEN

• HOW

Ethics of the situation

• Lahat ng situation ay affected a persons intention

• Nothing such as internally good/evil