key terms

republic

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

humanism

An intellectual movement of the renaissance based on the study of the humanites which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history

secular

less focused on religion

renaissance

this word means rebirth. the movement that started in italy and caused explosion in creativity in art, writing, and thought.

reformation

A movement for religious reform

christian humanism

a movement developed during the renaissance that combined classical learning and individualism, with the goal of reforming the catholic church

salvation

(Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil

indulgence

a document sold by the church and signed by the pope or another church official that released the bearer from all or part of punishment for sin.

lutheranism

the first protestant faith. this religion teaches that salvation can be achieved by faith alone and not by good work.

city states

a state with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

individualism

the habit or principle of being independent and self

Johannes Gutenberg

Inventor of the printing press

Machiavelli

wrote The Prince

martin luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

Erasmus

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe

protestant

christians who belong to non-catholic churches

anglican

the protestant church of england created under the reign of king henry VIII

colony

a settlement of people living in a new territory that is linked to a parent country by trade and direct government control.

columbian exchange

the exchange of plants, animals, and disease that crossed the atlantic after 1492

conquistador

a leader in the spanish conquest in the amercias. Spanish explorer and soldier means conqueror

triangular trade route

the network of trade across the atlantic ocean between europe, africa, and colonial america

middle passage

the second leg of the journey in the triangular trade network that transported people from west africa to be sold as slaves in colonial america

encomienda system

the spanish colonial economic system which rewarded spanish explorers with land, and the labor of the people on that land, when they moved from spain to coloinze the new world

creole

spanish people who were born in the colonies, but both of their parents were born in spain

Peninsulare

spanish citizens who are living in the colonies but were born in spain (on the iberian peninsula)

mesitzo

people who are born in the colonies with one spanish parent and one native american parent