Medical Terminology- Chapter 7

Nasal cavity (nas/o, rhin/o)

lined with mucus membrane/cilia

Pharynx (paryng/o)

throat, passageway for food and air

Adenoids

protect airways

Tonsils

lymphoid tissue

Epiglottis (epiglott/o)

closes off larynx

Larynx (laryng/o)

voice box, passageway to trachea- sounds are produced

Trachea (trache/o)

connects larynx to right and left bronchi (windpipe)

Bronchi (bronchi/o)

lungs and branches off

Bronchioles (bronchiol/o)

smaller than bronchi, end of bronchioles are alveoli

Alveoli (alveoli/o)

pulmonary capillaries lie adjacent to tissue membranes of alveoli

Lungs (pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o)

Right side has 3 lobes and Left side has 2 lobes to make room for the heart

Pleura (pleur/o)

lungs are covered by this membrane

Lobe

lob/o

Visceral pleura

inner layer (fluid in between pleuras)

Parietal pleura

outer layer

Mediastinum

space between lungs, contains heart, aorta, esophagus. and bronchi

Diaphragm

intercostal muscles, diaphragm lowers itself when lungs inhalation

External respiration

exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries

Internal Respiration

(cellular) exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and blood in systemic capillaries

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

any disease

Asthma

alveoli sunken, bronchial muscles tightened. reaction to breathing

Chronic Bronchitis

a lot of extra mucus (cough) inflamed airways

Emphysema

alveoli expand and can't contract- all air is not pushed out of lungs (barrel chested)

Influenza

Can be treated with nasal spray, types A, B, & C. A & B cause most problems, and C is the more mild form.

Pleural effusion

fluid accumulates (too much) in pleural cavity

Percussion

gentle tapping of the chest with finger to listen to sounds

Transudate

non-inflammatory fluid resembling serum

Exudate

fluid high in protein and often containing blood

Reye's Syndrome

asprin with children, very serious and can cause brain and liver problems

Tuberculosis

caused by bacteria

Pneumonia

inflammatory disease of lungs caused by bacteria virus or fungi

Aspiration pneumonia

food or liquid inhalation

Lobar pneumonia

affects only one lobe

Bronchopneumonia

more diffuse

Cystic Fibrosis

hereditary, exocrine glands, lung congestion and infection, malaborbstion of nutrients by pancreas

Sweat test

usually done in children to see if they have CF, measures salt in sweat

Respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

lungs no longer function- trauma

Flu

Virus

Hyaline membrane disease (HMD)

infants (IRDS) occurs in premature babies

Lung cancer

caused by smoking, pollution, etc. and does metastasize

Pulmonologist

specialist studying breathing

Stethoscope (steth/o)

listen to breathing

Acidosis

excessive acidity of body fluids

Asphyxia

condition caused by insufficient intake of O2 (oxygen)

Atelectasis

collapsed/airless lungs

Crackle

abnormal respiratory sounds called rails

Croup

(barking cough) common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchioles

Apnea

temperature loss of breathing, person could stop breathing for long periods of time while sleeping repeateably- obstructive

Anosmia

absence of smell

Coryza

head cold

Epistaxis

nose bleed

Deviated nasal septum

displacement of cartilage that divides nostrils

Hypoxemia

deficiency of O2 in blood

Hypoxia

deficiency of O2 in tissue

Pertussis

infectious disease characterized by "whoop" -whooping cough

Pleurisy

inflammation of pleural membrane

Pneumoconiosis

disease caused by inhaling dust particles (coal dust)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

unexpected and unexplained death in children (crib death)

Wheeze

whistling sound- from narrowing of respiratory passages in asthma or hay fever

Pulmonary edema

excessive fluid in lungs-cough & dyspnea. difficult breathing also associated with heart failure

Pulmonary embolus

foreign objects travel through blood stream- possible blood clot, air, or fat.

Mantoux test

TB

Oximetry

ox/I, O2- oximeter

PFT

pulmonary function test, a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, chest x-ray examinations, arterial blood gas analysis, and tests of pulmonary function.

Aerosol therapy

lung treatment- mist form

Laryngoscopy

visual examination of larynx

Bronchoscopy

visual examination of bronchi using endoscope

Lavage

irrigating of an organ with water

Postural drainage

positioning patient so gravity aids in drainage

Polysomnography

test of sleep cycles and stages

Spirometry

measures lung capacity and flow

Mechanical Ventilation

ventilator: device provides respiratory assistance for people who cannot breathe

Oxygen Therapy

O2 administration most commonly via nasal cannula

Throat culture

test to identify pathogens (group A strep)

Pleurectomy

excision of part of pleura

Pneumonectomy

excision of lung

Rhinoplasty

reconstructive surgery of nose

Septoplasty

surgical repair of deviated nasal septum

Throacentesis

surgical puncture and drainage of pleural cavity

Tracheostomy

opening in neck into trachea enter breathing tube

Antihistamines

block histamines which cause cough, sneezing, and runny nose

Antitussives

relieve or suppress coughing

Bronchodilators

stimulate bronchial muscles

Corticosteroids

block production of substance that triggers allergic inflammation actions, asthma COPD

Decongestants

decreases swollen tissue to increase air passage (colost allergies)

Expectorants

liquefy respiratory secretions (produce coughs)

AFD

Acid fast bacillus (TB organism)

ARDS

acute respiratory distress syndrome

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CXR

chest x-ray, chest radiograph

DPT

diphtheria , pertussis, tetanus

IRDS

infant respiratory distress syndrome

RD

respiratory distress

SIDS

sudden infant death syndrome

SOB

shortness of breath

T&A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

TB

tuberculosis

URI

upper respiratory infection