Sosci Section V UNTIL Case of Cuban Migration

What is the Treaty of Paris?

An agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country.

When was the Treaty of Paris signed?

September 3, 1783

What is Manifest Destiny?

The idea that the US was divinely ordained to expand its territory across the entire North American continent.

Who coined the term 'Manifest Destiny'?

Journalist John O'Sullivan

In what year was the term 'Manifest Destiny' coined?

1845

Napoleon Bonaparte

Overthrew the French gov.

Gained territory in North America in 1800 but sold it away

When was the Louisiana Purchase made?

April 30, 1803

How much did the United States pay for the Louisiana territory?

$15 million

Who mediated the Louisiana Purchase?

Robert Livingston and James Monroe

How much money did Congress appropriate for the Louisiana Purchase?

$2 million

Which President was willing to pay up to $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase?

President Jefferson

What was the effect of the Louisiana Purchase on the size of the United States?

It doubled the size of the US.

What geographical features did the Louisiana territory stretch from and to?

From the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to New Orleans.

When was the Louisiana Purchase ratified by the Senate?

October 20, 1803

What was the Senate vote count for the ratification of the Louisiana Purchase?

24 to 7

When was the Louisiana territory formally transferred to the United States?

December 1803

How many square miles of land did the Louisiana Purchase add?

828,800 square miles

How many acres of land did the Louisiana Purchase add?

530 million acres

How many states were added as a result of the Louisiana Purchase?

15 states

What was the cost per acre of the Louisiana Purchase?

3 cents per acre

What was the estimated cost of the Louisiana Purchase in 2024-25 dollars?

$340-390 million

What is the estimated worth of the Louisiana Purchase?

$1.2-2.2 trillion

What trails resulted from the Lewis and Clark expeditions?

Oregon Trail, California Trail, Santa Fe Trail

Mexican-American War

May 1846 to 1848 over a border dispute

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

(1848) Ceded 1 million square miles of Mexican land (larger than Louisiana Purchase) to the US

Oregon Treaty

June 15, 1846, US and GB allowed Oregon Country to join the US

What year did the Gadsden Purchase occur?

1853

How many square miles of land did the US buy in the Gadsden Purchase?

30,000 square miles

What was the purpose of the Gadsden Purchase?

To fix the boundaries of the contiguous 48 states to current coordinates.

What event caused the Gold Rush?

The discovery of gold in California in 1848.

What year did California achieve statehood?

1850

What was the Homestead Act?

A law signed by President Lincoln in 1862 that offered 160 acres of land to US citizens/immigrants who intended to become naturalized citizens.

What were the requirements of the Homestead Act?

Applicants had to live on and improve the land for 5 years.

When was the Transcontinental Railroad completed?

1869

What was the Trail of Tears?

The forced relocation of Cherokee Indians to present-day Oklahoma.

When did the Trail of Tears occur?

During the fall and winter of 1838-39.

How many Cherokee Indians died during the Trail of Tears?

Approximately 4,000 people.

How many states did the Trail of Tears travel through?

Nine states.

What legislation caused the Trail of Tears?

The Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830.

Where were Native Americans relocated to during the Trail of Tears?

To the west of the Mississippi River.

When did Ellis Island operate as an immigration station?

1892 - November 12, 1954

How many immigrants passed through Ellis Island?

12 million immigrants

What percentage of Americans can trace an ancestor to Ellis Island?

Around 40%

What is the significance of Ellis Island in relation to American ancestry?

100 million people can trace one ancestor to an arrival at Ellis Island

Where is Ellis Island located?

New York

What is Ellis Island part of today?

Statue of Liberty National Monument

Which organization manages Ellis Island?

US National Parks Service (NPS)

"Spring of Nations"

European Revolutions of 1848, made Europeans immigrate to US

What is indentured servitude?

A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination.

Why did indentured servitude decline?

It declined due to immigrants paying for families to come to the US.

What was the original name of the Know-Nothing Party?

American Party

When was the Know-Nothing Party successful?

In the mid-1850s

What did the Know-Nothing Party favor regarding immigration?

Restrictions on immigration, specifically Catholic immigrants

What residency period did the Know-Nothing Party want before immigrants could become citizens?

21 years

What internal issue led to the downfall of the Know-Nothing Party?

Divisions over the issue of slavery

What party did many Know-Nothing Party members join after its downfall?

The Republican Party

In what year was the Republican Party created?

1854

Immigration Act of 1924

restricted immigration levels

What was the Great Migration?

The movement of 6 million African Americans from rural areas to industrializing regions in the West, Midwest, and Northeast from 1915 to 1970.

Which cities were significant destinations during the Great Migration?

Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Philadelphia.

What type of migration does the Great Migration represent?

Interregional and rural-urban migration.

What were some push factors for the Great Migration?

Jim Crow laws.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

An explosion of African American art, literature, and music in the 1920s.

What is considered the capital of the Harlem Renaissance?

Harlem

Where is Harlem located?

North of Central Park in Manhattan.

What is Harlem also referred to as?

The 'Black Mecca.'

Which countries were part of the Axis powers during World War II?

Nazi Germany, Italy, Japan

Who were the Allied forces during World War II?

America, UK, Soviet Union

What was the Potsdam Agreement?

An agreement made after World War II that outlined the terms for the post-war order.

How many ethnic Germans were expelled from their home countries due to the Potsdam Agreement?

10 million

Which countries were involved in the expulsion of ethnic Germans after the Potsdam Agreement?

Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania

Was the UNRRA responsible for resettling internally displaced persons from Axis nations?

No

What does SHAEF stand for?

Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Forces

Who led the UNRRA?

Americans

What percentage of UNRRA's budget was received from the US?

Half

What was the purpose of SHAEF's Refugee and Displaced Persons and Welfare Branch (G-5 Office)?

To care for displaced persons using UNRRA

Allied powers

Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, and United States during World War II.

When did the Yalta Conference take place?

February 1945

Who were the leaders present at the Yalta Conference?

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin

What was agreed upon regarding prisoners of war and displaced civilians at the Yalta Conference?

They would be repatriated.

What is the Halle Agreement?

An agreement signed in May 1945.

Which countries signed the Halle Agreement?

Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.

What commitment was reinforced by the Halle Agreement?

The commitment to repatriation of all displaced persons (DPs).

Who was India's prime minister at one point?

Jawaharlal Nehru

What is the title of the famous speech given by Jawaharlal Nehru?

"A Tryst with Destiny"

What did Jawaharlal Nehru's speech "A Tryst with Destiny" signify?

India's independence was significant for not just India, but the world.

India's independene

Achieved on midnight of August 14-15, 1947.

What two countries were created from the Partition of India?

India and Pakistan

What was East Pakistan later known as after 1971?

Bangladesh

How many people migrated as a result of the Partition of India?

15 to 18 million

When did the Simla Conference take place?

June 1945

Where was the Simla Conference held?

In the Himalayan Mountains

Who convened the Simla Conference?

Lord Wavell

What was Lord Wavell's position?

Viceroy of India

Which two groups were involved in the Simla Conference?

Muslim League and Indian National Congress

What was the main reason for the failure of the Simla Conference?

Disagreement on the two-nation theory

Who argued that all Muslims on the negotiating committee should represent the Muslim League?

Jinnah

Muslim League

Protected the interests of India's Muslims.

Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah

INC

Indian National Congress

Predominantly Hindu, though secular.

Led by Jawaharlal Nehru.

Who proposed the two-nation theory?

Jinnah