exam three sensory and perceptual development

While vision and hearing problems increase in both men and women as we get older, hearing problems are more likely among blank and vision problems are more likely among blank

Men, women

What activity typically requires the use of intermodal perception

Walking

Loss of smell is closely aligned with which other human capacities

Emotion and memory

Stage of development that some sounds can be heard

16 to 18 weeks gestation

Stage of development that hearing capacity begins to decline

18 to 20 years old

Stage of development that fails to hear non-native language sounds

6 to 10 months

Stage of development that hearing screening is done

At birth

Which of the following explains much of the reason people in middle adulthood begin to experience farsightedness

Their lenses become less flexible and have difficulty adjusting to close-up images

Sensation

Information/stimuli processed by sensory receptors

Eyes ears tongue nose and skin

Perception

What is perceived/interpreted from stimuli

Intermodal perception

Integration of information from 2+ sensory modalities

Newborns capable of

Intermodal perception

Sensing and interpreting

Significant improvements of intermodal perception over

First year with experience

Prenatal sense of hearing- first sounds can be heard

16-18 weeks gestation

Prenatal sense of hearing- outer ear finished developing

20 weeks gestation

Prenatal sense of hearing- Middle and inner ear finished developing

By birth

Prenatal sense of hearing- Ears begin to develop

9 weeks

Prenatal sense of hearing- Some sounds are detected

16 weeks

Prenatal sense of hearing- Baby will turn head toward voices

24 weeks

Infant hearing milestones- 4-7 months

Recognition of melodies/familiar music;preferences

Infant hearing milestones- By 6-10 months

Screen out sounds from non native languages

Infant hearing milestones- 7-9 months

Recognize familiar words, natural phrasing in native language

Hearing screening in hospital

If not done parents won’t notice the child is trouble of hearing till about 14 weeks and interventions become much later

Most adolescence have excellent

Hearing

17 to 18-year-olds can hear up to

17.4 KH

Risks for hearing loss in adolescence

Loud music/high volume on headphones

Adulthood hearing decline begins

At age 18

Other factors impact

Hearing in Adulthood – presbyscusis

Old hearing

Earliest most loss in high frequencies

Gender differences – men are more likely to experience greater Loss

Hearing aids can help

Improvement in vision – brain maturation

Occipital lobe has to continue maturing through first year of life

Improvement in vision – eye maturation

Retina is screen on back of eye

Fovea have a lot of maturing to do

Explains why babies can’t see as well

Improvements in vision

Brain maturation eye maturation, improve improvement in visual acuity

Infants, visual perception – visual acuity

20/600 at birth

Near 20/20 by one year

Infants, visual perception – color

See some colors by two months

Preferences by four months

Infant visual perception – perceiving patterns

Prefer bold patterns/colors/reddish tones and human faces shortly after birth

Some sort of light can come through mother’s abdomen

Infant visual perception – depth Perception

Developed by 7 to 8 months

Infants, visual perception – Visual expectations

Begins by four months

All note visual cliff by 6 to 12 months

Presbyopia

Old eyes

Typically begins an early 40s

Changes in eye

Difficulty in accommodation, especially in seeing nearby

Presbyopia symptoms

Slower, dark adaptation – difficulties in dimness

Reduced color discrimination

Declining depth perception, which causes trips

Difficulty with glare such as driving at night with lights

The lens in the eye loses its

Flexibility with age

Vision in glare and glare recovery time

Get worse with age

Visual impairment

Glaucoma

Cataracts

Macular degeneration

Cataracts

75% of people have this developing in middle adulthood

Macular degeneration

More common in late adulthood

Missing part of image that gets worse overtime

Clogged arteries leading to the eye

Electronic eye implants enable people who have lost their sight to geographic atrophy to read again

With age women are more

Visually impaired

Touch and pain – newborns

Anesthesia historically not used

Adulthood touch sensitivity

Decreases in old age

Ability to react becomes longer, and sense of touch is not a sharp

More dangerous

Sense of smell often linked to

Emotions/memories

Higher rates of depression is linked to not being able to smell

Areas of the brain that process smell are linked to areas of the brain that processed memories

Loss of smell associated with

Depression and memory loss

Covid

Alzheimer’s– Loss of smell often, early warning sign

Sense of smell and taste – infants

Preferences

Breast-feeding studies

In terms of smell attraction to oil on mother‘s breast

Openness to different taste – prefer sweet or salty

Sense of smell and taste decline can start in

Early adulthood

Declines with age/health

Affects satisfaction with life, food