Quiz 5

General reaction for cellular respiration

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ —> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

glucose + 6 oxygen —→ 6 carbon dioxide + ATP (energy)

Conceptual and visual of cellular respiration

• OCCURS IN MITO

• glucose and oxygen go into cell - reactants

• 1) Glycolysis

  • glucose creates pyruvic acid

  • pyruvic acid goes to krebs cycle and make NADH

  2) Krebs Cycle

  • input: pyruvic acid

  • krebs release ATP and make NADH

  3) ETC/oxidative phosphorylation

  • input: NADH from krebs and pyruvic acid

  • release ATP, carbon dioxide, and water

Is yeast most efficient at fermenting monosaccharides or disaccharides?

monosaccharides because single molecules, fewer chemical bonds

most fermented/ greater % change in ethanol:

• glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose

what is the effect of germination on the rate of cell respiration in peas

germination increases the rate of cell respiration

germinating peas are growing, so more energy is needed. meaning cell respiration has to be faster

what is the effect of temperature on the rate of cell respiration in peas?

higher temperature, higher cell respiration

cool water causes the enzymes to slow down —> causing the reactions of cellular respiration to slow down —→ rate of respiration to be slower.

why do germinating peas undergo cell respiration?

They are growing at a fast rate and need energy (ATP) to grow, so they use cellular respiration.

In photosynthesis experiment, why do the leave discs sink when you vacuum the syringe

because they have CO2

photosynthesis measurements for spinach discs

high to low amount of leaves:

• high intensity - low intensity bulb

• red, blue, green filter

  • green filter has lowest # because the discs are also green. wavelengths absorb anything other than green

• no light = 0

Fermentation – conceptual and visual

• alternate way to generate ATP w/out oxygen

• glucose goes into glycolysis - generates 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

• two 2 NADH & 2 pyruvate into fermentation

• if lactate fermentation: produce 2 lactate

• if alcoholic fermentation: produce 2 CO2 and 2 ethanol

Relationship between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration – conceptual and visual

photosynthesis release: 6O2 + C2H12O6

that goes into aerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration release: 6CO2 + 6H2O

that and sunlight goes into photosynthesis

Equation that summarizes photosynthesis – conceptual and visual

• 6CO₂ + 6H₂O —> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

• 6carbon dioxide + 6water —(with light)—> glucose + 6oxygen

• OCCURS IN CHLOROPLAST

• 1) light reactions - light & water. release ATP, NADPH, and O₂

• 2) released ATP & NADPH and CO₂ goes to calvin cycle (dark reaction)

• 3) calvin cycle releases glucose and NADP+ and ADP + P

• 4) NADP+ and ADP + P go into thylakoid and cycle repeats