last time EVER doing chemistry

Metal reactivity down a group

increase

metal reactivity across a period

decreases

non-metal reactivity down a group

decreases

non-metal reactivity across a period

increases

different types of bonding?

metallic - metal, ionic - both, covalent - non metals

Which are transition metals

group 3-12

which are polyatomic ions

• Hydroxide: OH⁻

• Carbonate: CO₃²⁻

• Hydrogen carbonate: HCO₃⁻

ionic lattice

plus and minus both in circles. minus labeled [name] anions. plus labelled [name] cations

metallic lattice

plus in circles and minus around. minus labeled delocalised electrons and plus labeled metallic cations

properties of an ionic compound

high melting point, crystalline solids, hard, brittle, conduct electricity when molten or aqueous only

metal characteristics

high densities (heavy), malleable (bends), good conductors of heat, good conductors of electricity, lustrous, small amount of energy required to increase temperature

which elements are always by themselves as two

freddie, brian & I have original & cool nicknames → F Br I H O Cl N

hydrocarbons name+ane (number of carob in middle)

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex

combustion reactions

•Hydrocarbons can react with oxygen (g) to produce carbon dioxide & water {this is a combustion reaction}

•Releases heat & light

acids & bases what they produce in aqueous solution?

•Acids: substances that produce H+ ions

•Bases: Substances that produce OH- ions

Ph Scale

Acids 1-6, 7 Neutral (pure water), 8-14 is alkaline

exothermic and endothermic?

exo - hot, endo - cold

calculating rate of reaction

•Rise over run

•Change in products over change in time

factors affecting reaction rate

shrink container or increase concentration, increase number of particles, speed up particles by adding heat, break up clumps into individual particles, use a catalyst

reactions of HCl

Reactants	Product (word)
HCl+ metal	Salt + hydrogen gas
HCl+ metal & oxygen	Salt + water
HCl + metal & carbon & oxygen	Salt + carbon dioxide + water

salt is an ionic compound

collision theory

For a reaction to occur:

1.Particles must collide

2.They need enough energy

3.They need the correct orientation

• Activation energy = minimum energy needed for a successful collision