theology 115 content exam 2

Church of England = Anglican = Episcopalian

Protestant denomination associated with the English monarchy

Puritans

Protestants that wanted to purify Church of England from all elements of Catholicism. Considered radical

Calvinism

A form of Protestantism, stresses God's sovereignty, Swiss origin

Predestination

God elects the saved before time. Human actions nave no impact on salvation

Recusant

English Roman Catholic who refused to attend mandatory C of E services

Papal Bull

Official decree, letter patent, or formal charter issued directly by the pope as head of Catholic church

Dum Diversas + Romanus Pontifex

Issued by pope Nicholas V that authorized Portugal to conquer, subjugate, and enslave non-Christians in West Africa and beyond

Inter caetera

Issued by pope Alexander VI that granted Castilian monarchs (Spain) the rights to land, resources, Una people 100 leagues west of the amores. All other entities had to ask permission to enter

Requerimiento (1513)

divine right to take land, universal jurisdiction of the pope

Encomienda System

Spanish monarch granted land and care of indigenous people to a specific soldier or official in return for their labor and tribute.

New Laws of 1542

no more forced indigenous labor

Spanish Empire Casta

Penninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattos

Peninsulares

people born in Spain

Creoles

people of Spanish descent born in america

Mestizos

mixed indigenous and spanish descent

Mulattos

mixed african/indigenous and spanish descent

Francisco de Victoria

founder of international law and property rights

Bartoleme de las Casas

founder of human rights

Valladolid debate

moral legitamacy of colonialism in America

Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz

well educated theologian, poet, and author

Methodist

protestant group that emphasized emotion and piety

African Methocist Episcopalian Church (AME)

african-american form of Methodist

Womanism

decribes theology from standpoint of Black women

Enlightenment/Colonialist Restrictions

1. no blending of religions

2. exclusivist rationality

3. prioritizing capitalist values

4. devaluing cultural stories and values

5. dismissing spiritual

Religious Syncretism

blending of religious belief systems into a new system

West African-Christian Syncretic Religion

preserved religious and social traditions, often demonized/marginalized by majority white societies

19th Century Protestant Black Church

strong emphasis on power of the Holy spirit, preaching, scripture, worship, divine encounters, sharing of resources

Teaching of Contempt

1. Holding all Jews culpable for Jesusʻ death (deicide)

2. By not accepting Jesus, Jews have forsaken their covenant with god

3. Christians replace Jews as covenant partners

4. Jews should have no safety or stability

5. Jews serve as a negative reminder to Christians

6. Jews should convert to Christianity

Jarena Lee

exhorter/preacher in AME tradition who had a series of spiritual awakenings/convictions

Vatican II

catholic council from 1962-65

Pope John XXII

called Vatican II

Pope Paul VI

closed Vatican II

Aggiornamento

task of bringing church up to date as much as it could

Resourcement

returning to scripture and classic Christian texts to vitalize contemporary church

Lumen Gentium

universal call to holiness (inward)

Sacrosanctum Concilium

updating liturgy and use of vernacular (inward)

laity

all members of a religious faith or organization

Dei Verbum

way to approach and interpret scripture (inward)

Gaudium et spes

church must serve the world, not just Christians, and focus on the common good of all (outward)

Dignitatis Humanae

declaration on religious freedom (outward)

John Wycliffe

insisted that all church teaching and institutions should be measured against scripture

Nostra Aetate

document addressing the relationship between Catholicism and other religious traditions

• Commonality among all people

• Hinduism and Buddhism 

• Islam

• Judaism

• Rejection of discrimination based on race, condition in life, or religion

Laudato Si

outgrowth of Gaudium et Spes

Integral Ecology

1. Understanding that interconnection is the essence of reality (knowing)

2. A way of seeing that can precieve interconnections among humans and creation (perceiving)

3. Moral principle for acting in harmony with them (doing)

Miscerando atque eligendo

By having mercy and choosing him (Jesus looked upon people with a “mercying” gaze). Seeing in a way that is not trapped in the present, but hopes for the future

What is Virtue?

interaction between human action and moral character

Cardinal Virtues

Prudence, Fortitude, Justice, Temperence (Aristotle)

Prudence

being able to discern true good in every circumstance

Justice

enables a person to habitually give what is due to God and neighbor and so protects human rights, equality, and the common good

Fortitude

mental and emotional strength when facing pain, danger, or difficulty over a long period

Temperance

moderates the attraction of pleasures and provides balance in the use of created goods

What event is commonly marked as the beginning of the Protestant Reformation?

Luther’s 95 Theses (1517)

The “Great Schism” involved

Two popes ruling simultaneously

What act allowed Protestant dissent in England by 1688?

Act of Toleration

Which of the following best reflects the key theological issue during Anne Askew’s trial?

Eucharistic theology

Who was burned at the stake in 1415 for criticizing the church and inspiring rebellion in Bohemia?

Jan Hus

What innovation most aided the spread of Reformation ideas?

The Printing Press

What was a political factor in the spread of the Reformation?

German princes' desire to break from Rome

John Wycliffe emphasized that the true church consisted of:

All God’s chosen faithful

What best describes Anne Hutchinson’s home meetings?

Religious discussions for women that later included men

What is the focus of “affective theology” in Ignatian spirituality?

Emotional love and personal response to God

Integral ecology can best be described as an expansion of what Catholic concept?

Solidarity

What phrase describes the Church’s collective journey through life?

Pilgrim People

What rhetorical shift does Vatican II encourage when “talking about the Church”?

From hierarchical to persuasive

landeskirche

places where the care of the religious community was left to the civic authorities

Martin Luther

published his 95 Theses (criticized selling indulgences; called for ecclesiastical reform)

Katharina von Bora

nun at the convent Marienthron, mentioned by Luther

Justification

being saved - declaration of righteousness

Sanctification

being holy - work is needed, in gratitude Christians do good work

Alien Righteousness

Christ imputes righteousness to those who have faith

Three Solas

Sola Scriptura - scripture interprets itself

Sola Gratia - God’s grace, through Christ’s merits

Sola Fide - through faith alone