Periodic table trends quiz

Elements

• Aristotle’s theory: air, water, fire, earth

• 94 naturally occurring elements, 24 other man made, 118 total

• elements alone or in combinations make up our bodies, world, son, and entire universe

Mandeleeu’s periodic table

• russian chemist, hoped to organize elements according to their properties

• noticed that certain similarities in their chemical properties appeared in regular intervals

Periodic table

organizes the elements in a particular way. great deal of info about an element can be gathered from its position on the periodic table: physical and chemical properties, reactivity

How elements are organized

• according to their atomic number found near the top of the square

• divided into non-metals, metals, and metalloids

Properties of metals

conducts heat, ductile, resist breaking when pulled, reaction with water-corrosion, luster, malleable

properties of non-metals

poor conductor of heat and electricity, solid metals are brittle, dull, not ductile or malleable, many are gasses

properties of metalloids

have properties of metals and non-metals, solids can be shiny or dull, semi conductors of heat and electricity,

Families

• Columns

• elements have similar but not identical properties

• elements have same number of valence electrons

Periods

• Horizontal row

• elements are not alike in properties

• properties change greatly across any given row

• 1st element in a period is always an extremely active solid, last element in a period is always an inactive gas

Hydrogen

• sits atop group 1 but is not a member of that family

• gas at room temp

• orange

Alkali metals

• located in 1st column

• shiny, have consistency of clay, are easily cut with a knife

• the most reactive metals

• react violently with water

• never found as free elements in nature-they’re always bonded with another element

• brown

Alkaline earth metals

• never found uncombined in nature

• react with water to form bases and hydrogen gas

• less reactive than alkali metals

• light green

Transition metals

• metals you are most familiar with

• includes mercury-the only liquid metal at room temp

• compounds of these are brightly colored

• 1-2 valence electrons

• properties similar to one another and other metals, but their properties do not fit in with any other family

• light blue

Boron family

• named after 1st element in the family

• includes a metalloid (boron), the rest are metals

• includes the most abundant metal in earth’s crust (aluminum)

• red

Carbon family

• includes non-metal (carbon), metalloids, and metals

• element carbon-the “basis of life”, entire branch of chemistry devoted to carbon compound

• yellow

Nitrogen family

• named after the element that makes up 78% of our atmosphere

• includes non-metals, metalloids, and metals

• tend to share electrons when they bond

• dark green

Oxygen family

• most elements in family share electrons when forming compounds

• oxygen is most abundent element in earth’s crust, it’s extremely active and combines with almost all elements

• dark blue

Halogen Family

• the most reactive nonmetals

• never found free in nature

• react with alkali metals to form salts

• red orange

Noble gases

• colorless gases that are extremely unreactive

• important property is inactivity due to their outermost energy shell being full

• called inert because they don’t readily combine with other elements to form compounds

• black

Rare earth elemnts

• 28 of them, composed of the lanthanide and actinide series

• one element of the lanthanide series and most elements in the actinide series are called trans-uranium, meaning they’re synthetic or man made

• purple

What evidence did you use to classify each of the 7 elements as a metal, non-metal, or metalloid in the lab

Physical and chemical properties

What did Mendeleev notice about the elements when he created his periodic table

noticed similar properties in periods/intervals

what is the difference between periods and families

periods get less reactive as you go down the row and have different properties. families have similar properties

What trend do you notice with the number of energy shells and the periods of the periodic table?

each period has the same number of energy shells. as you go down one period, one energy shell is gained. the period number tells you how many shells the element has

Atomic number

number of protons in an atom

mass number

number of protons + number of neutrons

atomic mass (or weight)

mass of neutrons + protons

isotope

atoms made up of same number of protons but different number of neutrons