zoology exam 2 remake

spicule skeleton

calcium carbonate, silica, or collogen fiber

Calcarea

spicules made of calcium carbonate

hexactinellida

silica spicules, six rays

Demospongiae

silca spicules, do not have rays

pinococtyes

pore cells, act as epidermis

myocytes

contract/compress (like muscles)

choanocytes

cell with flagellum, for filter feeding, always clustered

porocytes

hollow tube like cells

ostia

water comes in

oscula

water comes out

spongocoel

large cavity in the middle, for water flow

asconoid

flagellated spongeocoel, simplest form of feeding

synonoid

flagettated canals

leuconoid

flagellated chambers

monoecious

both reproductive male/female organs present

parenchymula larva

larva of sponges, solid and ciliated.

ocelli

single lense eye that detects light

statocyst

cyst, when stimulated by gravity can detected where up and down is

nematocytes

stinging organelles

planula larva

jellyfish larvae, usually ciliated

phylum cnidaria

jellyfish, coral, sea anemones

polyp type

tentacles on top (sea anemone)

medusa type

tentacles on bottom (jellyfish)

namatocysts

capsules containing coiled filaments (barb, toxin)

class anthozoa

includes sea anemones, soft coral, sea fans, sea pens

what class does “cavities seperated by septa” belong to?

class anthozoa

class staurozoa

no medusa type, star shaped

class cubists

box jellyfish, medusa is dominant

class scyohozoa

true jellyfish, lack shelf like velum

velum

a membrane, typically bordering a cavity, especially in certain mollusks, medusae, and other invertebrates.

manubrium

a handle-shaped structure found in the central part of a jellyfish or other coelenterate, which bears the mouth at its tip

strobilation

form of asexual reproduction where copies are made on top of each other

ephyra

baby jellyfish

life cycle of jellyfish

zygote—planula—settles into polyp—polyp feeds—reproduces through budding—strobilation—ephyra—adulthood

hydrozoa

hydras. colonial. polyp and medusa form, dimorphic fee dying hydranths and gonangia

hydrozoa life cycle

zygote—planula—polyp stage—feeding hydranth—buds don’t break off—make colony—ephyra

phylum ctenophora

“comb bearing”. has ctene (fused plates of cilia) sticky colloblasts

phylum platyhelminthes

flatworms

tegument

general trend toward the reduction of characteristics in parasitic classes

syncytial tegument

“same cell”, no cilia, adaption to endo parasitic life

protonepheidia (flame cell)

osmoregulation, simple diffusion, cilia flicker like flames to remove waste

nervous system in flatworms

ventral pair of nerve cords (ladder like)

rheorecepors

sense of direction of water current

class turbellaria

free living flat work

polycladia

more highly branched intestines

tricladida

three branched intestines

platydemus manokwari

vector of lungworm

class trematoda

parasitic flukes

cephalization

creation of head, occurs in platthelminthes

property of trematoda

bifurcated gut (forked gut)

definitive host

where parasite produce sexually

intermediate host

where parasite can develop but do not reproduce sexually

fasciola hepatica

sheep liver fluke

human liver fluke

clonorchis sinensis

how many hosts do trematoda have?

2

Class cestoda

tape worm

scolex

heads of flat worms

proglottids

segment of tapeworm body, contain male and female reproductive organs

Phylum Rotifora

organisms with ciliated wheel like structures

what symmetry does Cnidaria and Cterophora have?

radial

biradial symmetry

shaped like a foot ball

Cnidarians nervous system?

nerve net

mesogela

the “jelly” of the jellyfish

what dimorphism like in cnidarians?

sessile polyps and free swimming medusae

deuterosome

anus first development

digenetic

2 hosts

monogenetic

1 host

class bivalvia

clams, oysters, mussels

phylum mollusca

bilateral symmetry, mantle, dioecious

class gastropodia

snails, slugs, nudibranch

class polyplacopoda

tusk shell

cephalopoda

squid, octopus, nautilus

molluscs are:

protosomes

radula

tongue for scraping

lytic enzymes to enter host

adaptations for parasitism

glands to produce cyst material

adaptations for parasitism

hooks and suckers for adhesion

adaptations for parasitism

increased reproductive capacity

adaptations for parasitism

life cycle of trematoda

definitive host—egg w miracidium—radia w cercariae—first intermediate host—gracaria—second intermediate host—metacercaria

class monogeriea

most external parasites, usually in fish, single host

what does it mean if a segment of a tapeworm is close to the head?

it is immature

What do segments of tape worms in the middle do?

They are mature, they can have reproduce

Segments at the end of the tapeworms body?

gravid (full of eggs)

germinative zone

area behind the scolex of a tapeworm, where proglottids originate

life cycle of cestoda

intestine—intermediate host (live stock—measly meat—definitive host

cysticercosis

zoonotic disease caused by tar ha solium (pork tape worms)

lophotrochozoa

spiral mosaic cleavage; protosomes

corona

pair of ciliated discs or funnels

phylum acnthocephala

spiney headed worm, parasitizes intestines of fish birds and mammals

lopohore

crown of ciliated tentacles used in food capture and respiration

zooid

an individual of a colony; makes up a colony

polyzoa

cycliophora, entroprocta, bryozoa

trochophora

free swimming larva with ring of ciliated cells near the mouth

head-foot region (in mollusc)

feeding, sensory, locomotion organ, ventral

visceral mass

digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs

mantle

secretes hard shell over the visceral mass

valve

hard shell

periostracum

outer organ layer composed of conchlolin, protective

middle prismatic layer

closely packed crystals of calcium carbonate

inner nacreous

next to mantle, nacre is laid down in thin layers that secreted by the mantle