Neuroscience and our future Exam 3 iclicker questions

what is the over-arching question on the paper?

its how does the misfolded tau spread

What is an organelle?

any membrane-bound structure, a membrane-bound intracellular structure, and a non-membrane-bound intracellular structure

the tau protein normally what?

is a microtubule associated protein

Protein expression can be initiated by what?

growth factors, neurotransmission, and calcium influx.

how do you isolate extracellular vesicles?

size-exclusion chromatography

What is the purpose of a “western” blot?

to quantify specific proteins

What is meant by the statement that Arc and IRSp53 act cooperatively in terms of hTau release?

Both Arc and IRSp53 are both required

What would best describe fluorescence?

Emitted light has a lower wavelength than absorbed light; energy is generally lost as heat, and absorbed light raises electrons to a higher energy state.

given that hTau might be transmitted through extracellular vesicles, what might correlate with greater hTau transmission?

the extracellular vesicles volume

what does a monoclonal antibody do?

specifically targets and binds to one unique antigen

the take-home point on figure 4A is that Arc physically and specifically binds human tau (hTau) from what?

in tissue taken either from human or mouse and within extracellular vesicles.

What is indicative of neuronal death?

fragmentation of DNA, membrane potential of 0 mV, and microglial phagocytosis.

what does NeuN staining label?

neurons

What does the author mean by “hyperexcitability”?

There is a greater likelihood of firing an action potential

based on the study, what allows for the greatest propagation of pathological tau from neuron to neuron?

Tau contained in extracellular vesicle

In a prior study, it was demonstrated that rTgWT mice exhibit age-dependent memory impairment and neurodegeneration, analogous to alzheimenrs disease. The rTgArcc KO mice might be what?

more or less vulnerable to early memory impairment and neurodegeneration.

what neuronal protein is identified in the study as important for packaging human tau into extracellular vesicles for secretion?

IRSp53

Which brain region was stereotaxically injected with the AAV viral contruct to measure in vivo intercellular tau transfer across synaptically connected circuits?

Medial Entorhinal Cortex