Zoonotic influenza A viruses

What type of influenza virus infects birds and are a source of seasonal influenza epidemics and all pandemics

influenza A virus

Influenza A is a _______ RNA virus with an segmented _________ and is _________

• negative stranded

• genome

• enveloped

Influenza A is an endemic infection in what species

• humans

• birds

• pigs

• horses

• dogs

influenza A is a sporadic infection in what animals

• whales

• seals

• mink

• camels

• ferrets

• cats

What animals carriers almost all influenza A biodiversity

birds

A minor antigenic change over time due to point mutations is called what?

antigenic drift

A major antigenic change that occurs due to genomic reassortment is called what?

antigenic shift

A/Swine/Iowa/2C5/2002(H1N1) break down the components of this influenza name

• specific antigen

• host of origin

• geographic source

• isolate number

• year of isolation

• HA subtype’

• NA subtype

If the host of origin in not written in an influenza virus name it is ____________

human

what causes a pandemic influenza to occur when a new strain of influenza emerges

• these is no immunity to the virus

• the virus is able to spread efficiently

does bird flue affect all birds the same

no

What is considered to be the primary reservoir for influenzas A viruses

wild birds

What are the two recognized forms of influenza a virus in domestic poultry

• highly pathogenic avian influenza

• low pathogenicity avian influenza

What form of influenza A virus in domestic poultry causes severe disease and can cause a mortality rate of up to 100% in affected flocks

HPAI

What form of influenza A virus in domestic poultry causes decreased egg production or mild upper respiratory disease in domestic poultry but likely not death

LPAI

Influenza A causes what outbreaks in swine heards

respiratory disease

Equine influenzas has a low ________ but can ___________ and result in extended recovery time for infected animals

• mortality

• rapidly spread

Equine influenza is a ______________of horses

respiratory disease

canine influenza was initially recognized in ___________

grayhounds

What is the origin of canine influenza

horses

What is the mode of transmission for influenzas viruses

• droplet

• contact(direct/indirect)

• airborne

How is influenza virus primarily transmitted from bird to people

• direct handling of an infected bird

• slaughtering, defeathering, butchering, or preparing diseased birds

Transmission of swine influenzas may go unnoticed due to how closely it resembles _____________

human seasonal influenza

What biosecurity practices would help prevent transmission of influenza

• separation of animals from other herds/flocks

• control number of people coming onto the farm

• practice robust sanitation and pest management procedures

What is the minimum protection for potential exposure to influenza viruses

N95 masks

what does an approved veterinarian mean in accordance with the OAC

any licensed and accredited veterinarian approved by the ODA or an employee of the government

what does the approved veterinarian have to do at agriculture fairs

• examine the certificate of veterinary inspection

• inspect each animal upon arrival

• daily inspect each animal present

• remove any animal which my spread disease

what is unique about exhibition swine

• non commercial swine

• multi source pigs

• high people:pig ratio

• pigs and people comingled for a proogned period of time

when does sample collection typically happen during fairs

after sale and before departure

what recommendations where made to reduce spread of influenza A virus between fair swine

• shorten swine exhibitions to 72 hours

• use vaccines

• minimize human exposure

what type of vaccine is available of swine influenza A virus

killed