Exam 1- Chapter 1 and 2

prehistoric microbiology

fermentation

miasma theory

diseases caused by “bad air”

Hipprocates

father of western medicine; diseases are not supernatural

Hippocratic oath

treat and diagnose patients without causing harm

Terentius

Res Rusticae; animalia minuta

al-razi

experimental efforts to determine cause of disease (meat rotting)

ion sinna

canon of medicine

leeuwenhoek

father of microbiology

Koch

postulates: presence, isolation, inoculation, re-isolation

linnaeus

categorize animal and plants

haeckel

four kingdoms

whittaker

five kingdoms; fungi

present phylogenetic analysis

molecular techniques: RNA and 3 domains

strains

closely related genetic variant within species; special biochemical features

acellular

viruses and prions

archae

psuedopeptidoglycan and extreme environments

protists

algae, protists, water/slime molds

fungi

yeasts, chitin cell walls, molds

heiminths

multiceullar parastic worms

prions

proteinaceous disease causing agent

water molds

oomycetes; parasites/decomposer

slime molds

single/multi life stages

contrast

different parts of specimen through brightness or intensity

resolution

ability to distinct; affected by wave lengths and numerical aperture

wet mount

live specimens

fixed amount (smear)

staining

simple stains

emphasizes structures

differential stains

differentiation based on interaction of two+ stains

basic stain

positive ions (crystal violet, malachite green, safranin, methylene blue)

acidic stain

negative ions (eosin, acid fuschin)

positive stain will be

absorbed into cell

negative stain will be

absorbed into background

capsule stain

detection of protective coating; stains do not penetrate capsule (india ink)

protozoa

no cell wall

microbial classifications

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, strain

low refractive index

light speeds up and bends away

high refractive index

slows down and bends toward

microscopes used to view thicker material

two-photon

lens used for magnification

convex lens