Gas laws 3

What does Bernoulli's Principle describe?

Gas flow in response to a pressure gradient and how velocity affects pressure.

How does velocity relate to lateral pressure in Bernoulli's Principle?

As forward velocity increases, lateral pressure decreases.

What is the Venturi Principle?

A gradual widening of a tube (≤15°) after a restriction restores lateral pressure and allows air entrainment

How does a Venturi device entrain air?

High‑velocity O₂ through a narrow orifice creates subatmospheric pressure, pulling room air in through side ports

What are the three primary flow patterns?

Turbulent, Transitional, Laminar.

What determines pressure differences as air flows through a tube?

Rate and pattern of flow

What is Reynolds Number used for?

Determining whether flow is laminar or turbulent.

What is the Reynolds Number formula?

Re = pV/Lμ

What Reynolds Number indicates laminar flow?

Re < 2000.

What Reynolds Number indicates turbulent flow?

Re > 2000.

What range indicates transitional flow?

Re 2300-4000.

What factors increase pressure required to move gas through a tube?

Viscosity (n), tube length (l), flow rate (v).

How does radius affect resistance in Poiseuille's Law?

Resistance is inversely related to radius⁴.

How does a Venturi mask control FiO₂?

By altering the size of the jet orifice, which changes the amount of air entrained.

what is FiO₂?

fraction of inspired oxygen