What in the world is a green plant?

Amyloplast

Type of plastid and leucoplast that synthesizes Straches

Lack membranes and pigments

Golgi Bodies

Membrane-bound organelles that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Cytoskeleton

Consists of actin filaments, Cytoplasmic streaming

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Flowing of cytosol through movement of actin filaments

Vacuole

Functions: Storage and osmoregulation

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Protein synthesis

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth lipid synthesis and ion storage

Mitochondrion

Most likely derived from α-proteobacteria

• Functions in aerobic respiration

• In the matrix: production of acetyl CoA and citric acid cycle

• In the cristae: electron transport chain

Chloroplasts

Most basal type of plastids

Form in parts of plants exposed to sunlight

Stores starch and preform photosynthesis

Chromoplasts

Contain Carotenoids

lack extensive thylakoids

Peroxisomes

Function in the oxidation of fatty acids leading to radicals and hydrogen peroxide

Also involved in photorespiration

Cellulose

Cellulosic Linkage prevents molecules from being easily digested

Microfibrils

Cellulose molecules are organized into crystalline

structures called microfibrils– Usually, 36 individual chains of microfibrils– Connected by hydrogen bonds– Microfibrils are organized into macrofibrils

• Microfibrils are connected by other molecules

Pectin’s

Make up middle lamella

Cell plate

Lignin’s

Stiffen microfibrils

Good for resisting compressive forces

Xylem

Suberin’s

Associated with waxes

Bark and healing wounds

Plasmodesmata

Microscopic channels connecting cytoplasm

Glaucophytes

Small fresh Alge

Rhodophyts

Chloroplast of a red alga showing

thylakoid membranes, which are

homologous with the membranes in

the cyanobacterium; chloroplast has

Chl a and phycobilins. Store

carbohydrates as Floridean starch.

Viridiplantae

Chloroplasts with thylakoid

membranes in stacks of

grana– This is one of the defining

characteristics of green

plants– Photosynthetic pigments are

chl a, chl b, and carotenoids

• Starch stored in

chloroplasts