Unit 3 Biological Bases of Behavior

Biological psychology is the study of the ______________ factors that influence or cause behavior and mental processes.

physical and chemical

Dr. Barillas is examining a cell from the nervous system of an animal. He notices that at one end of the cell body is a long, fibrous strand of tissue. He immediately recognizes this as an axon that is responsible for

carrying signals away from the cell body.

The visual cortex is located in the 

occipital lobe

Which chemicals are released when you are in flight or fight mode?

adrenaline

Which part of the nervous system do you use when you are playing baseball and trying to hit the ball? 

somatic nervous system

Which part of the nervous system are you using when you are relaxing or calm? 

parasympathetic nervous system

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands are called

hormones

Ashley just completed a big match.  She is so elated that she feels little fatigue or discomfort.  Her lack of pain is probably the result of the release of 

endorphins

The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called:

MRI

Unusual drinking and eating behaviors can be caused by damage to the

hypothalamus

The main function of the peripheral nervous system is to

transmit information from the central nervous system to other parts of the body.

Researchers learn about the brain by studying

all of the above

David experienced difficulty keeping his balance after receiving a blow to the back of her head.  It is likely that he injured his

cerebellum

Following a nail g*n wound to his head, Daryll became more uninhibited, irritable, dishonest, and profane.  It is likely that his personality change was the result of injury to his 

frontal lobe

The part of the human brain that is found in all animals like lizards, fish, and rats is the 

brainstem

You are able to pull your hand quickly away from hot water before pain is felt because:

movement of the hand is a reflex that involves intervention of the spinal cord only

Damage to Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area of the brain can cause

difficulties in producing and understanding speech

After a freak accident involving a falling piano, Dr. Williams informs you that you have sustained damage to your limbic system.  Which of the following functions will be most affected?

Emotion

Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the immune system mistakenly destroys some of the myelin wrapped around nerve cell fibers. What part of the cell is damaged? 

Axons

Acetylcholine and dopamine, which help control movement, are examples of

neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are ______________ that travel across the ______________ to another cell.

chemicals; synapse

The digestion of last night’s dinner is most directly controlled by the ______________ system.

autonomic nervous

Which of the following is an imaging technique that shows the brain using glucose and being active? 

CAT scan

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the

peripheral and central nervous systems

Which part of the brain is MOST active in decision-making

Cerebral cortex

Which component of the limbic system has an essential role in the formation of new memories 

Hippocampus

Which of the following is considered the fundamental building block of the nervous system? 

neuron

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most directly associated with Alzheimer’s disease? 

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Basic building blocks of heredity

Genes

The part of a neuron that produces the energy needed for the activity of the cell 

soma

Which hormone gives one energy and helps build muscle mass? 

thyroid hormone (thyroxine) and insulin

Which hormone in your brain helps with your sleep cycle?

melatonin

The Minnesota Twin study on identical twins reared apart shows that the identical twins

intelligence, personalities, and interests

Buchard's identical twins reared apart study concludes that who we become is primarily determined by 

genetics or heredit

Which part of the teenage brain is growing through adolescence and young adulthood? 

The prefrontal cortex

Which part of your brain helps with vitals such as breathing and heart beat? 

medulla oblongata

Which neurotransmitters are most impacted by alcohol use? 

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Why are teenagers at risk for addiction? 

Their brains are still developing

Which hormone develops female sex characteristics and fertilization?

Estrogen

Too little of this neurotransmitter can lead to Parkinson's disease and too much can make one paranoid.

dopamine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with depression?

serotonin