New Imperialism Part I (10/23)

Abyssinia

An independent African kingdom that resisted European colonization.

Afrikaners

Dutch-descended settlers in southern Africa.

Apartheid

A system of legally enforced racial segregation in South Africa.

Asante Empire

A powerful West African state in present-day Ghana.

Berlin Conference

1884-85 meeting that established rules for European colonization of Africa.

Boer Wars (1880-1881, 1899-1902)

Wars between Britain and Boer settlers in southern Africa.

Cecil Rhodes

British imperialist who expanded British territory in southern Africa.

Charles Darwin

Scientist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

David Livingstone

British missionary and explorer of Africa.

De Beers Mining Company

Mining company that became dominant in southern Africa's diamond industry.

Great Famine (1845-1849)

Irish famine caused mainly by potato crop failure.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power over other territories.

King Leopold II of Belgium

Belgian king who controlled the Congo Free State.

Liberia

West African republic founded partly by formerly enslaved Americans.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that U.S. expansion across North America was justified.

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. policy opposing new European colonization in the Americas.

Pan-Africanism

Movement promoting unity and cooperation among people of African descent.

Penal Colony

A colony where prisoners were sent to serve sentences.

Phrenologists

People who falsely claimed personality could be determined from skull shape.

Roosevelt Corollary

U.S. claim to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability.

Rubber

Industrial demand made ____ a valuable colonial resource.

Scramble for Africa

Rapid European conquest and colonization of Africa.

Seven Years' War (1756-1763)

Global conflict that increased British power overseas.

Sierra Leone

West African colony established partly for formerly enslaved people.

Social Darwinism

Misapplication of natural selection to justify social and imperial hierarchy.

Sokoto Caliphate

A major Islamic state in West Africa conquered by Britain.

Túpac Amaru II

Indigenous leader who led an 18th-century revolt against Spanish rule.

Westernization

Adoption of Western ideas, technology, institutions, or culture.

White Man's Burden

Idea that Europeans had a duty to "civilize" colonized peoples.

Xhosa

A major ethnic group in southern Africa.

Yaa Asantewaa

Asante queen mother who led resistance against British rule.

Zulu

Southern African people who formed a powerful kingdom.