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অ
ô/o (inherent vowel, short 'a'). IPA: /ɔ/. Like 'o' in hot.
আ
a (long 'a'). IPA: /a/. Like 'a' in father.
ই
i (short 'i'). IPA: /i/. Like 'ee' in see.
ঈ
I (long 'i'). IPA: /i/. Like 'ee' in see (historical/spelling).
উ
u (short 'u'). IPA: /u/. Like 'oo' in boot.
ঊ
U (long 'u'). IPA: /u/. Like 'oo' in boot (historical/spelling).
ঋ
ri. IPA: /ri/. Like 'ri' in ring.
এ
e. IPA: /e/ or /æ/. Like 'e' in pet or 'a' in cat.
ঐ
oi (diphthong). IPA: /oi/. Like 'oy' in boy.
ও
o. IPA: /o/. Like 'o' in no.
ঔ
ou (diphthong). IPA: /ou/. Like 'ow' in low.
ক
k (unaspirated). IPA: /k/. Like 'k' in skip (no air).
খ
kh (aspirated). IPA: /kʰ/. Like 'k' in kite (with a strong puff of air).
গ
g (unaspirated). IPA: /ɡ/. Like 'g' in go.
ঘ
gh (aspirated). IPA: /ɡʱ/. Like 'gh' in ghost (with extra breath).
ঙ
ng (velar nasal). IPA: /ŋ/. Like 'ng' in song.
চ
c/ch (unaspirated). IPA: /tʃ/. Like 'ch' in chat.
ছ
chh (aspirated). IPA: /tʃʰ/. Like 'ch' in chat + extra puff of air.
জ
j (unaspirated). IPA: /dʒ/. Like 'j' in jam.
ঝ
jh (aspirated). IPA: /dʒʱ/. Like 'j' in jump + extra breath.
ঞ
ny (palatal nasal). IPA: /n/. Mostly used inside conjuncts.
ট
ṭ (unaspirated hard 't'). IPA: /ʈ/. English 't', tongue curled back.
ঠ
ṭh (aspirated hard 't'). IPA: /ʈʰ/. Hard 't' + extra puff of air.
ড
ḍ (unaspirated hard 'd'). IPA: /ɖ/. English 'd', tongue curled back.
ঢ
ḍh (aspirated hard 'd'). IPA: /ɖʱ/. Hard 'd' + extra breath.
ণ
ṇ (retroflex 'n'). IPA: /n/. Sounds exactly like a normal 'n', used in specific spellings.
ত
t (unaspirated soft 't'). IPA: /t̪/. Tongue against teeth, soft sound.
থ
th (aspirated soft 't'). IPA: /t̪ʰ/. Soft 't' + extra air. Like 'th' in thought.
দ
d (unaspirated soft 'd'). IPA: /d̪/. Tongue against teeth. Like 'th' in then.
ধ
dh (aspirated soft 'd'). IPA: /d̪ʱ/. Soft 'd' + extra breath.
ন
n (dental nasal). IPA: /n/. Like 'n' in no.
প
p (unaspirated). IPA: /p/. Like 'p' in spin.
ফ
ph/f (aspirated). IPA: /pʰ/ or /f/. Like 'f' in fan.
ব
b (unaspirated). IPA: /b/. Like 'b' in ball.
ভ
bh/v (aspirated). IPA: /bʱ/. Like 'v' in van or a breathy 'b'.
ম
m. IPA: /m/. Like 'm' in mom.
য
j/y (palatal approximant). IPA: /dʒ/. Sounds exactly like জ (j).
র
r (alveolar trill). IPA: /r/. Rolled or tapped 'r'. Like 'r' in red.
ল
l (alveolar lateral). IPA: /l/. Like 'l' in light.
শ
sh (palato-alveolar sibilant). IPA: /ʃ/. Like 'sh' in shoe.
ষ
ṣ (retroflex sibilant). IPA: /ʃ/. Sounds exactly like শ (sh).
স
s (alveolar sibilant). IPA: /s/ or /ʃ/. Like 's' in sun (sometimes pronounced like 'sh').
হ
h (glottal fricative). IPA: /h/. Like 'h' in hat.
ড়
ṛ (retroflex flap). IPA: /ɽ/. Hard 'r' sound, flap tongue forward from the roof of mouth.
ঢ়
ṛh (aspirated retroflex flap). IPA: /ɽʱ/. Hard 'r' + extra breath.
য়
y (palatal approximant). IPA: /e̯/ or /j/. Used for phonetic transitions (like 'y' in yes).
ৎ
t (khanda ta). IPA: /t̪/. A final, unreleased soft 't' sound.
বং
ng (anusvara mark). IPA: /ŋ/. Adds a nasal "ng" sound to the end of a syllable.
বঃ
h (visarga mark). IPA: /h/. Adds a breathy, voiceless "h" sound, usually at the end of a word.
বঁ
(chandrabindu mark). IPA: /~/. Sits above a vowel to make it completely nasal (spoken through the nose).