SCIENCE ESSENTIAL

Macromolecules

are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atom

Carbohydrates

our main source of energy is converted into glucose which is readily used in the body.

Chitin

found in exoskeletons of arthropods

Saccharum

The term carbohydrate comes from the Latin word ____ which means sugar.

Glucose

(used as dextrose and sugar found in blood)

Galactose

(found in milk and other milk products)

Fructose

(sugar found in fruits and honey)

Biological Macromolecules

important cellular components that performs wide array of functions

Maltose

Glucose + Glucose

Protein

made up of CHON and simple molecules called amino acids

Sucrose

Glucose + Fructose

Lactose

Glucose + Galactose

Starch

a storage polysaccharide of plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers

Cellulose

is a polymer of glucose, but the glycosidic linkages differ

Cellulose

is a polymer of glucose, but the glycosidic linkages differ

Glycogen

is a storage polysaccharide in animals

Protein

Made up of simple molecules called amino acids

Was believed to be the beginning of life

Collagen

found in connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, skin, cartilage and the cornea of the eye.

Fibroin/Silk protein

one of the strongest natural fibers found in silk

Keratin

A fibrous protein in hair, skin and nails

Hemoglobin

is a globular protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream

Enzymes

are substances that catalyze a reaction

Lipase

help in digestion of fats

Pepsin

help in breaking down proteins

Sucrase

help in the digestion of sugars and starches

Polysaccharides

are sugar contains many saccharide units.

Disaccharide

are sugar with two saccharide unit

Monosaccharides

serve as a major fuel for cells and as raw material for building molecules